cold war rivalries

Question 1

how was US policy contradictory

Answer 1

While Eisenhower condemned the ‘military industrial complex’ he supported the development of new weapons and JFK continued many of his policies

Question 3

what even made both superpowers reconsider their nuclear status

Answer 3

cuban missive crisis

Question 4

When did the USA successfully test a lithium based H-bomb?

Answer 4

1954

Question 5

how powerful was the h bomb

Answer 5

1500 more times than the one at hiroshima

Question 6

when did the ussr have similarly h bomb technique

Answer 6

six months later

Question 7

what was the strategic air command

Answer 7

• organisation set up 1950s by eisenhower administration to serve as a primary defense system for usa
• provided 24 hour readiness to respond to threat
• 2000 troops heavy bombers

Question 8

when was the gaither report

Answer 8

1957

Question 9

what was the gaither report

Answer 9

Commissioned by Eisenhower to investigate the state of US-Soviet nuclear capability

Question 10

what did the gaither report conclude

Answer 10

• the concept of a missile gap between the USA and the USSR.
• predicted a 100 to 30 lead in ICBM’s in favour of the USSR
• raised US concern

Question 11

when did soviets successfully test first ICBM

Answer 11

1957

Question 12

instead of relying on the gaither report, what did eisenhower do

Answer 12

• u2 plsne intelligence gathering that Slow rate of production of nuclear warheads by the USSR, deployment of Soviet ICBM’s was limited

Question 13

By 1959 how many Soviet ICBM’s had been deployed?

Answer 13

Just 10

Question 14

What new range of ICBM’s were the USA developing?

Answer 14

Atlas and Titan models

Question 15

When and how did Eisenhower strengthen the USA’s nuclear strike capability further?

Answer 15

In 1957 he negotiated an agreement with Britain at the Bermuda conference that enabled the USA to station IRBM’s in Britain manned by British military personnel

Question 16

How many ICBM’s did the USA have in 1960? How did this compare to 1964?

Answer 16

295 in 1960
835 in 1964

Question 17

How many ICBM’s did the USSR have in 1960? How did this compare to 1964?

Answer 17

75 in 1960
200 in 1964

Question 18

When and who launched the first satellite to orbit the earth?

Answer 18

USSR on 4th October 1957 (Sputnik)

Question 19

Why did Sputnik concern Americans?

Answer 19

• Sputnik showed that the Soviets had surpassed the United States in technical skill. They believed it now had the technology to lunch nuclear missiles against it
• under minded massive retaliation

Question 21

when and what was flopnik

Answer 21

1957

US Navy’s Vanguard rocket crashed on its take-off

Question 22

How many space missions had the USA successfully launched by 1962? How did this compare to the USSR?

Answer 22

63 compared to the USSR’s 15 missions

Question 23

when did eisenhower establish nasa

Answer 23

1958

Question 24

when did khrushchev come to power

Answer 24

1955

Question 25

Why was the USSR's hold on parts of Eastern Europe fragile by 1955?

Answer 25

Heavy Soviet defence spending was draining resources from this region and undermining confidence in the communist system, as the availability of consumer goods become increasingly difficult

Question 26

the brain drain

Answer 26

- 300,000 in 1953 and 150,000 more in 1956 fled west - skilled workers leaving

Question 28

berlin crisis and wall

Answer 28

1958 - ussr issued a 6 month ultimatum to the west stating western troops to be removed from berlin and if not a separate treaty will be issued with GDR and removing western occupation

Question 29

berlin wall

Answer 29

1961 - 3.6 million berliners fled to the west germany - 1961 barbers wire and concrete was started to be used to seize off the two seperate states

Question 30

hallstein doctrine

Answer 30

1955 west would not recognise east / gdr