detente Flashcards
(29 cards)
when and why was modern day israel set up
- after ww2
- the setting up of the new State of Israel was the collective guilt of Western Democracies for allowing the Holocaust to happen without responding until it was too late.
how much of population do jews make up in america
3% but important in banking manufacturing and even entertainment
what did israelis do to palenstinians
By 1948- the Israelis backed by US military upport and arms started a violent process of moving the Palestinians off their land. 600 Palestinian villages were destroyed and over 1 million Arabs expelled from their ancestral homes and forced into huge refugee camps in nearby Egypt and Jordan.
For the Arab population of the Middle East- this became known as the Nakba.
Israel and the USA were jointly blamed.
why did the us back israel so much
For many decades- Israel was the only power in the region that the USA could trust so it was of paramount importance that successive US Presidents (Democrat and GOP) backed Israel economically and militarily
who had the israeli (IDF) army been trained by
US military
what was announced about israel in 1966
they had nuclear technology
what did the ussr do in result of us progression with israel
- In the 1950s, the USSR would go on to forge ties with Arab nations in Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Algeria, and Yemen.
- In 1955, the Soviet Union spearheaded the Eygptian/ Czech Arms Deal. This was considered a turning point in the Cold War and marked a major entry of the USSR in the great-power struggle in the Middle East.
who was nassar
Arab nationalist leader supported by ussr
- nationalist not communist
why was nassar popular
- famously nationalised the suez canal for egypt, leading to an embarrassing british and french forces defeat in the suez crisis 1956
- moved egypt to soviet alliance winning huge economic and trade opportunity with warsaw countries
who else did the USSR support in the middle east
palestinian groups eager to use terrorism to defeat israeli
- called PLO with leader arafat
how did the PLO organise their attacks
- from neibouring base in jordan
- to begin used terrorist groups such as the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) to highjack US and Israeli airplanes.
- us & israeli passport holders would be singled out and executed. The Dawson Field highjacking saw 4 planes taken in just 1 day.
what was black september
targets were Israeli athletes living in the Olympic village in Munich Germany during the 1972 Olympic Games. Black September demanded the release of over 250 Palestinian in Israeli jails.
- led to terrorists and west german police standoff (11 israelis killed)
what was a policy nixon had in vietnam
“peace with honour
what was ospolotik detente
easing of tensions between west germany and eastern bloc
US reasons for detente
- cheaper production of industries like coal and ship building by asian countries led to decline in america
- energy crisis w nations like saudi arabia , iran were sat in an ocean of “black gold” forming a group called OPEC, slowed down production on purpose and it prive quadrupled in 6 months as a punishment of israeli support
- led to unemployment & huge petrol demand in us
- nuclear weapons expensive & huge defence spending
the moscow test ban treaty
1963
- result of cuban crisis
-The nations that signed it agreed not to test their nuclear arsenal either in the Atmosphere, In space or under water.
- China and France refused to sign. Both continued to test in the atmosphere until the 1990’s
- first collective agreement to limit nuclear power
kennedy speech 1963
- at university in washington dc where he set out his cold war policies
- argued that common ground with the russians & nuclear control would help both sides
- said russians love their children too”.
why was moscow test ban treaty limited
- only stopped testing
- both continued to develop their arsenal
- usa in 1963 had developed a rocket delivery so pilots not needed & had a range of 5000 miles (ICBMs)
- Soviet Nuclear scientists (also including captured former Nazi experts) had developed what they called Anti Ballistic Missiles or ABM’s stopping ICBM
the non proliferation treaty
- signed by breznev and johnson and 9 other countries
- promised not to share nuclear info w other countries
USSr reasons for detente
- bad economic conditions food shortages lack of wages and consumer items
- ## stop protests like hungary ot prague
SALT1
SALT 1 was the first time that both sides agreed to actually cut back on nuclear missile systems. It also made the obvious link that defensive nuclear missiles such as the ABM’s needed to be controlled in the same way as the desired ICBM’s.
Restricting an ABM race between the Superpowers could lead to serious financial savings and give a hint of more agreement to come. Salt 1 also showed a recognition by both sides of each other’s destructive powers- therefore both sides had an interest in preventing Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD Theory)
- 2AMB sites 100 weapons on eqch
limitations of salt 1
- limited to 5 years
- no agreement on new technology such as cruise missiles
moscow summit of 1972
- ratification of salt 1 agreements
- agree fed on a some basic principles eg normal diplomatic
relations, avoid MAD, maintain world peace
