containment in asia Flashcards
(19 cards)
What approach did the US take in Japan from 1947?
A ‘reverse course’
What did ‘reverse course’ mean?
not focused on the punishment of Japan but the development of firm democratic institutions and practices towards an emphasis on economic reconstruction as the route by which political stability would be achieved
who was macarthur
Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers
what has macarthur received on the topic of japan
A clear directive from Washington on the measures that had to be taken to ensure Japan’s economic stabilisation
what was the super balanced budget with japan
- gov income and expenditures closely monitored so spending not more than revenue
-set a target of a surplus of nearly 157 million yen
impact of budget
long term gain
- created unemployment initially
- the financial cushion prevented inflation and aided in korea war
what was GATT?
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
-a multinational agreement to manage international trade and attempted to minimise tariffs and duties in order to maximise international trade
why did the usa demand japan join gatt
To strengthen Japanese economy
-to prevent trade with communist China from late 1950
when was the san francisco peace treaty
1851
what was the san francisco peace treaty do
Recognise the full sovereignty of the Japanese people
-force Japan to give up its claims on a number of former territories including Formosa and Korea
-promote the relationship between Japan and the US as one of ‘sovereign equals’ who would ‘cooperate in friendly association to promote their common welfare’
what did the san francisco peace treaty not do
-place any significant restrictions on Japan’s economy, future political model or future rearmament
-force Japan to provide reparation payments for those Southeast Asian states occupied by Japan during the war
who refused to sign the san francisco peace treaty
ussr & china
What did the USA require Japan to sign in return to the San Francisco Peace Treaty?
bilateral security agreement known as the US-Japan Security Treaty
What did the US-Japan Security Treaty give the US?
-unrestricted use of military bases in Japan
-right to use military force to intervene in any internal disorder in Japan
-right to veto Japan offering military bases to other states
what was NSC68
- 58 page memorandum establishing a defensive perimeter from japan to the Philippine islands
- represented a shift from containment to aggressive action on foreign policy
- sent a message to ussr of the unimportant of korea as it is left defenseless from the perimenter
how was japan rearmed
national police reserve ordered by macarthur
- 75000 men that would be used for defence purposes and trained by us military advisors
- by 1952 japanese army had enlarged them to 110,000 ground troops and 7600 naval troops (known as the national safety agency)
how did the arrival of eisenhower exaggerate further plans on rearming
- plans for japanese airforce announced in 1952
- when einenhower came to play plans for 140,000 means self defence force supported by us funding of 240 million dollars
downsides or the rearmament of japan
- difference in attitude causing instability
- after korean war ended they wanted to control rearm rather than build upon it
what was the significance of japan for the usa that caused them to do all of this
- geostrategic importance as the usas entry point to asia which was further developed by the sino soviet alliance
- japanese pm also wanted this for security and sovereignty
