Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

cold war a level > origins of the cold war > Flashcards

origins of the cold war Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

how is communism different to capitalism

A

Communism is the idea that all land and property is owned by the state, whereas, capitalism is the idea that anyone can work hard and own as much land/make as much money as possible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a free market economy

A

An economic system in which the prices of goods are set by the forces of supply and demand, and competition is allowed through minimal interference by the state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

who was the ‘founding father’ of communism

A

The founding father was Karl Marx who believed that capitalism lead to the exploitation of the proletarian majority by the ruling bourgeoise. The Russian Revolution in 1917 resulted in the first communist state in the world, lead by Lenin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what was the Grand Alliance. When and why was it formed?

A

The Grand Alliance was an Alliance between the USA, the Soviet Union and Britain to defeat Germany and Japan in the second world war. It was formed in June 1941 when Germany invaded the Soviet Union and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour (December 1941)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when was the yalta conference

A

1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what was churchill & roosevelts aims at yalta

A
  • collective security for united nations
  • Germany’s reconstruction and re-education as a democratic nation
  • The right to national self-determination and no spheres of influence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what was stalin’s aims at yalta

A
  • The USSR’s security guaranteed through Soviet spheres of influence in Europe
  • Germany remain weak for the indefinite future
  • Economic reconstruction for the USSR, mainly at Germany’s expense
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what agreement was made at yalta on the topic of germany

A

Germany would be divided into four zones, each administered by an allied power. These were to be the USA, USSR, The UK and France
-Berlin would be similarly divided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what agreement was made at yalta on the topic of united nations

A

The United Nations Organisation would be formally ratified (confirmed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what agreement was made at yalta on the topic of poland

A
  • the USSR would gain land from Poland, and Poland would be expanded to north and the west .
  • USSR did sanction free elections and allow democratic parties to be present but parties were squashed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what agreement was made at yalta on the topic of japan

A

USSR joined the fight against Japan three months after ww2. 1.5 million Soviet troops invaded Japanese controlled China in 1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what agreement was made at yalta on the topic of the world bank

A

World Bank set up to help countries recover and boost
capitalism, ussr did not join

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what was the percentages agreement

A

Churchill and Stalin met in Moscow 1944 to establish the percentage of predominance Britain and the USSR would each have in Eastern European states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what were the %s in the percentage agreement

A

-In Romania the USSR was to have 90%
-In Greece Britain had 90%
-In Hungary it was to be 50% each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when was the potsdam conference

A

1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what had changed since the potsdam conference

A
  • ww2 was over germans had surrendered
  • roosevelt died and replaced by trueman (iron fist attitude)
  • churchill lost the election and replaced by atlee
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what was truemans aims at potsdam

A
  • Wanted a post-war world based on national self-determination
    -An open world trading system based on international economic co-operation through the IMF (international monetary fund)
  • world bank to minimise the possibility of the us returning to conditions experienced in the Great Depression
  • no communist expansion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what was stalins aims at potsdam

A
  • the us was a threat so needed to keep communist security
    -The continued presence of the Red Army in Eastern Europe
    -Intensification of the programme of installing pro-communist regimes in these liberated states
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what was atlees aims at potsdam

A
  • Germany’s geostrategic position in Europe was supreme and it was vital the the US act as the primary defender of the Western zones in Germany against the USSR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what was agreed at potsdam over germany

A

germany was to become complete demilitarised and denazified (eg nazi influence politically and educationally purged.
- however germany was to become an independent economic unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what was agreed at potsdam over reparations for the USSR

A

USSR was to receive reparations from its own zone and an additional 25% from the western zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

why did stalin want to expand into eastern european countries

A

he needed to ensure that Eastern European states formed the basis of the USSR’s long term security system. He wanted security for the USSR, especially from surrounding countrie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

in chronological order, which countries did he expand into?

A

Romania, Poland, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

when was the drop of the atomic bomb

A

1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what was the impact of the atomic bomb
were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing 250,000 people
26
why was the atomic bomb significant for potsdam
usa did not inform the USSR of the bomb but stalin knew of the creation not the intent of use allowing for the suspicion to rise between the two sides as it meant the USSR would not be allowed control of Japan & us were more powerful, urging the securement of the buffer zones to consolidate communist power.
27
how did the ussr take control of romania
West had already accepted that Romania was in the Soviet sphere of influence. Soviets made the country ungovernable in the winter of 1944-1945 telling workers to rise up and farmers to take land, claiming it was an act to ‘save Romania. 1946 the Socialist party agreed to amalgamate with Communists. elections saw the Communists win 80% of the vote.
28
when was romania taken over
1944-46
29
when was bulgaria taken over
1944-46
30
how did the ussr take over bulgaria
Local Communist groups had set up a patriotic front and overthrow the government with 10,000 people executed. to not antagonise west, Stalin persuaded Communists in Bulgaria to take a more moderate policy. 1945 Stalin forces the Communists to include 2 members of the opposition into the government. 1946 elections took place with communists winning 70% of the seats.
31
how did the western powers view soviet expansion
Western powers saw soviet expansion as a dangerous and violent spread of communism to give the Soviet Union more power.
32
when was the Long telegram
1936
33
who wrote the long telegram
george kennan
34
what did the long telegram say
explained the dangers of Soviet expansion to the US State Department in Washington.
35
why was the long telehram significant
- Kennan was a second ranking officer writing from the US embassy in Moscow. - Many historians regard this message as being fundamental un the shaping of US policy towards the Soviet Union
36
when was the iron curtain speech and who wrote it
1946 by churchill
37
what did the iron curtain speech orate
- ‘ an iron curtain has decended across the continent ‘ - stating that Soviet expansion was a violent and dangerous move for east Europe.
38
why was the iron curtain speech significant
He delivered the speech in Fulton Missouri, President Truman's home state, it implied that Truman and the US gave support of when Churchill as stating.
39
how did the ussr respond to the iron curtain speech
Stalin responded 10 days after Churchill's speech in an interview given by Stalin and published in the Soviet state newspaper 'Pravda' - made a remark saying ‘mr churchill and his friends’ resemble hitler and his friends
40
what was the greek civil war
When Greece was liberated from Nazi occupation, a civil war erupted between monarchists and Greek communists -Britain had been providing aid to the anti-communists forces Greece but in Feb 1947 it was announced that this aid was no longer available and appealed to the USA to assume the financial burden
41
why was the greek civil war significant
It was a catalysts that triggered a fundamental re-orientation of the US foreign policy that came into Europe -Stalin had agreed that Greece should remain within the Western sphere of influence after war
42
when was the trueman doctrine
1947
43
what did the trueman doctrine say
- any country threatens by communism america would step in and help either by sending reasources money or troops - introduced a policy of containment
44
what was followed as a result of the trueman doctrine
the marshall plan
45
when was the marshal plan
1947
46
what was the marshall plan
- $13.5 billion american dollars into europe to help rebuilding and repairing (dollar imperialism) - uk received 26% of the aid, france and west germany also being top receivers - offered to countries of eastern europe - if u took it u would have to import US goods and share economic information with the us boosting US economy
47
who catalysed the idea of need for marshall aid
- 1947 william L clayton who expressed europe was declining economically (which would damage us economy as a loss of market and unemployment rise)
48
how did the ussr respond to marshall aid
The Soviets saw the Marshall Plan as a clear example of American economic imperialism and that they might start to spread into Eastern Europe which might undermine the Soviet sphere of influence. They responded by the creation of Cominform
49
what was cominforns aims
coordinate the activities of Communist parties across Europe. Its primary goals were to strengthen Soviet influence in Eastern Europe, promote heavy industry in those countries, and establish a trade network among communist nations.
50
what was the allied control council
a governing body for all powers controlling the divided germany to allow for economic unity in germany
51
what problems did the british zone of germany face
- The large population (22.5 million) was costly to feed and increased Britain's dependency on the US - included the ruhr which cause french and soviet efforts to control as gold mine
52
what was the creation of bizonia
- 1946 general clay announced no further reperations would be given to soviets until there was a plan for germanys economic recovery - ussr saw this as a way to lace the german economy of capitalism - 1947 british and american zones merged together to create bizonia demonstrating the failure of a four zone germany had failed
53
how was western germany created through bizonia
- soviets immediately opposed bizonia and throughout moscow conference 1947 they demanded a new central administration to be created this failed but no decisions on germany was made as west did not like the idea of a centralised germany - another conference in london in nov and december of 1947 ussr accused west of deniying its reparations from western zones - new currency 1948 for bizonia for more economic stablility called the duetschmark - 1949 frace reluctantly joins and western germany is renamed the federal republic in germany with first leader konrad adenauer a committed anti communist driven by german security and economic recovery
54
what caused the berlin block by the ussr
- formation of bizonia - introduction of deutschmark and the creation of west germany
55
when was the block by ussr
1948
56
57
what happened in the berlin block
1948 - stalin cut all land access to Berlin for the Allies. - berlin could now only be accessed by air - shortage of food, west germany only had a supply of 36 days - lack of basic and essential goods such as medicine
58
what happened as a result of the berlin block by ussr
operation vittles
59
what happened in operation vittles
- us shipped 200 tons of powered / condensed milk - at the height of the operation an allied aircraft landed in berlin every minute - berliners received an average of 2300 calories a day, higher that the british ration average
60
what was operation little vittles
- military began to supply children with toys and candy as a propaganda tool for west germany
61
consequences of operation vittles
- success was a huge propaganda boost - formation of nato, where in 1945 west berlin was admitted into - warsaw pact announced by ussr a week later, grouping the eastern bloc states into a pact of singular military command although lacking organisation
62
what is globalism
opposite of isolationism; it defines a foreign policy based on having the power to influence events on a global scale in order to enable states to function as world powers
63
when was nato set up
1949

cold war a level (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions