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Colonial America Flashcards

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1
Q

What were Spain’s motivations for colonization?

A

Expand empire, wealth, Christianity

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2
Q

Where did Spain establish early settlements?

A

Caribbean, Florida, Southwest, California

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3
Q

What was a key feature of Spanish colonization?

A

Missions and presidios

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4
Q

What was the encomienda system?

A

Exploitation of Indigenous labor

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5
Q

When was St. Augustine established?

A

1565

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6
Q

When was Santa Fe established?

A

1610

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7
Q

What was France’s main focus in North America?

A

Trade, especially fur trade

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8
Q

Where did the French settle in North America?

A

Canada, Great Lakes, Mississippi River

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9
Q

When was Quebec settled by the French?

A

1608

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10
Q

What year was New Orleans settled?

A

1718

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11
Q

Who did the French develop trade alliances with?

A

Indigenous tribes, like the Huron

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12
Q

What did the French colonial model rely on?

A

Trade, less settlement

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13
Q

What motivated English settlements?

A

Economic opportunities, religious freedom

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14
Q

Where did the English establish colonies?

A

Atlantic coast

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15
Q

When was Jamestown established?

A

1607

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16
Q

What was the first permanent English settlement?

A

Jamestown

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17
Q

What challenges did Jamestown face?

A

Famine, disease, conflict

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18
Q

What year was Plymouth settled?

A

1620

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19
Q

Who settled Plymouth?

A

Pilgrims

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20
Q

What was the Mayflower Compact?

A

Self-governance

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21
Q

What year was the Massachusetts Bay Colony established?

A

1630

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22
Q

Who established the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

A

Puritans

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23
Q

What major aspects did the Massachusetts Bay Colony become known for?

A

Trade, religion

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24
Q

What often resulted from colonization?

A

Displacement, conflict

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25
What was a key economy in New England?
Trade, shipping, fishing
26
What was a key economy in the Middle Colonies?
Agriculture
27
What was established by the Dutch in 1624?
New Netherland
28
What was the capital of New Netherland?
New Amsterdam
29
What trade did the Dutch focus on?
Fur trade
30
What did the English rename New Netherland in 1664?
New York
31
When did Swedish settlements occur along the Delaware River?
1638-1655
32
Who is known for introducing the log cabin to America?
The Swedes
33
Who conquered the Swedes in 1655?
The Dutch
34
What did early encounters with Indigenous peoples often involve?
Trade
35
What were the Europeans seeking in trade with Indigenous peoples?
Furs, food, guidance
36
What did Indigenous peoples acquire in trade with Europeans?
Metal tools, guns, textiles
37
Which trade became a significant economic driver?
The fur trade
38
Which European powers formed alliances with Indigenous tribes?
The French
39
Name one conflict involving English colonization and Indigenous peoples.
Powhatan Wars
40
Name one conflict involving Spanish colonization and Indigenous peoples.
Various conflicts in Southwest
41
What diseases devastated Indigenous populations?
Smallpox, measles, influenza
42
What was the consequence of Indigenous peoples having no immunity?
Catastrophic population declines
43
What led to the displacement of Indigenous communities?
European expansion and land desire
44
What were the consequences of land disputes?
Violent confrontations
45
Notable conflicts in New England
Pequot War and King Philip's War
46
Years of the Pequot War
1636-1638
47
Years of King Philip's War
1675-1676
48
Impact of European settlement on Indigenous
Cultural Displacement
49
Effects of European settlement
Disrupted traditional ways of life
50
What colonies are included in the New England Colonies?
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
51
What was the economy of the New England Colonies based on?
Shipbuilding, fishing, lumber, trade
52
What values did the society of New England Colonies emphasize?
Puritan values, education, community
53
Which colonies are categorized as the Middle Colonies?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
54
Why are the Middle Colonies known as 'breadbasket' colonies?
Production of wheat and grains
55
What characterized the diversity in the Middle Colonies?
Religion, ethnicity, culture
56
What significant populations were present in the Middle Colonies?
Quakers, Catholics, European immigrants
57
Which states were included in the Southern Colonies?
Maryland, Virginia, N. Carolina, S. Carolina, Georgia
58
What did the economy of the Southern Colonies rely on?
Plantation agriculture
59
What were the cash crops produced in the Southern Colonies?
Tobacco, rice, indigo
60
Who formed the labor base in the Southern Colonies?
Enslaved Africans
61
What was the social structure of the Southern Colonies?
Hierarchical
62
What was a form of self-governance in Virginia?
Virginia House of Burgesses
63
What document set a precedent for democratic governance in 1620?
Mayflower Compact
64
What was the degree of self-rule in many colonies?
Varied
65
What policy allowed colonies freedom in economic matters?
Salutary Neglect
66
What did Salutary Neglect contribute to?
Colonial economies and identities
67
What economic system viewed colonies as sources of raw materials?
Mercantilism
68
What did colonies provide in a mercantilist economy?
Raw materials and markets
69
What did the Navigation Acts restrict?
Colonial trade
70
What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?
Benefit England
71
What did the Triangular Trade involve?
Goods, enslaved people, raw materials
72
Where was the transatlantic slave trade central?
Southern colonies
73
Who provided labor on plantations in the Southern colonies?
Enslaved Africans
74
Which colony promoted religious tolerance?
Pennsylvania
75
Who founded Rhode Island promoting religious tolerance?
Roger Williams
76
Which colony was less tolerant towards dissenters?
Massachusetts
77
What was emphasized in New England due to Puritan beliefs?
Education and Literacy
78
What was established in 1636 in New England?
Harvard
79
How did the Middle and Southern colonies approach education?
Private tutors or elite schools

Praxis (10 decks)

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