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Formation of U.S.government Flashcards

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1
Q

When were the Articles of Confederation ratified?

A

1781

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2
Q

What was the purpose of the Articles of Confederation?

A

Establish national government

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3
Q

Who drafted the Articles of Confederation?

A

Second Continental Congress

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4
Q

How many states ratified the Articles of Confederation?

A

All 13 states

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5
Q

What type of government did the Articles create?

A

Weak central government

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6
Q

What was the structure of the national government under the Articles?

A

Single-house legislature

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7
Q

How many votes did each state have in Congress?

A

One vote

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8
Q

Did the Articles establish a strong central government?

A

No

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9
Q

What was lacking in the government structure?

A

No executive or judiciary

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10
Q

What powers were granted to Congress?

A

Foreign affairs, war, treaties

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11
Q

What could Congress manage?

A

Relations with Native Americans

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12
Q

What financial power did Congress lack?

A

No power to tax

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13
Q

What were some financial difficulties faced by the government?

A

Had to request funds

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14
Q

What was a significant issue with authority under the Articles?

A

No regulation of commerce

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15
Q

What was required for amendments to the Articles?

A

Unanimous consent

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16
Q

What power did Congress lack under the Articles?

A

Enforcement powers

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17
Q

What event highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles?

A

Shays’ Rebellion

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18
Q

What prompted Shays’ Rebellion?

A

Economic hardships

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19
Q

When was the Constitutional Convention held?

A

1787

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20
Q

Where was the Constitutional Convention held?

A

Philadelphia

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21
Q

What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention?

A

Revise Articles of Confederation

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22
Q

How many states participated in the Constitutional Convention?

A

12 states

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23
Q

Which state did not participate in the Convention?

A

Rhode Island

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24
Q

Who presided over the Constitutional Convention?

A

George Washington

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25
What nickname is James Madison known by?
Father of the Constitution
26
What did James Madison contribute to the Convention?
Drafting and promoting Constitution
27
Who advocated for a strong central government?
Alexander Hamilton
28
Who provided wisdom and support for compromise?
Benjamin Franklin
29
What did the Great Compromise resolve?
Representation in Congress
30
What type of legislature was created by the Great Compromise?
Bicameral legislature
31
How is representation in the House of Representatives determined?
Based on population
32
How is representation in the Senate determined?
Equal for each state
33
What did the Three-Fifths Compromise address?
Counting enslaved individuals
34
What fraction of the enslaved population was counted for representation?
Three-fifths
35
What did the Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise allow?
Congress to regulate trade
36
How long was the slave trade prohibited from being banned?
20 years
37
What interests did the Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise balance?
Northern and Southern
38
What system was established by the Electoral College?
Electing the President
39
What concerns did the Electoral College balance?
Popular vote vs congressional selection
40
What are the three branches of government?
Executive, Legislative, Judicial
41
What is the purpose of checks and balances?
Limit each branch’s power
42
What is federalism?
Division of powers
43
Which powers are delegated to the federal government?
National powers
44
What is shared between the national government and states?
Shared powers
45
How many states were required for ratification of the Constitution?
Nine
46
Who were the two main groups in the ratification debates?
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
47
What did Federalists support?
New Constitution and stronger government
48
Why did Federalists believe a strong central government was necessary?
Maintain order, defense, regulate trade
49
Who was a key author of the Federalist Papers?
Alexander Hamilton
50
Who supported the Constitution and played a major role in drafting it?
James Madison
51
Who co-authored the Federalist Papers?
John Jay
52
How many essays are in the Federalist Papers?
85 essays
53
What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
Ratify the Constitution
54
What concerns did the Federalist Papers address?
Lack of Bill of Rights
55
What did Anti-Federalists oppose?
New Constitution
56
Why did Anti-Federalists fear the new Constitution?
Too much power to national government
57
What did Anti-Federalists worry about?
Absence of individual rights protections
58
Who was a vocal critic of the Constitution?
Patrick Henry
59
What did George Mason require to sign the Constitution?
Bill of Rights
60
Who was concerned about centralized power?
Samuel Adams
61
What did Anti-Federalist writings argue against?
The Constitution
62
What was the primary Anti-Federalist concern?
Absence of Bill of Rights
63
What was promised for ratification in several states?
Bill of Rights
64
When was the Constitution ratified?
1788
65
Which state was the first to ratify the Constitution?
Delaware
66
What were the first ten amendments to the Constitution called?
Bill of Rights
67
When were the Bill of Rights ratified?
1791
68
Which key states ratified the Constitution after assurances for a Bill of Rights?
Virginia and New York
69
What concerns did the Bill of Rights address?
Anti-Federalist concerns
70
What individual freedoms were protected by the Bill of Rights?
Speech, press, assembly, religion

Praxis (10 decks)

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