Colony Management Flashcards
(37 cards)
What year did the Animal Welfare Act require minimum standards for a physical environment to be adequate to promote the psychological wellbeing of primates.
1985
What is the most effective method of preventing and reducing abnormal behavior in NHP’s?
Social housing as a form of enrichment
What is PRT?
a form of operant conditioning where an animal receives a reward for performing a desired behavior. PRT provides the animal with a choice, whether to participate in the training and receive a reward, or not to participate.
What is a positive enrichment strategy which encourages primates to voluntarily comply with various husbandry and clinical procedures?
PRT
What are some benefits of PRT?
Less stress producing better scientific data and fewer animal sedations
What is a Quality of Life (QOL) committee, what are the benefits, and who should be on it?
A QOL is formed when a NHP is diagnosed with a life-threatening or debilitating chronic condition that requires more intense monitoring for pain or distress. The QOL is composed of a veterinarian, a veterinary pathologist, a colony manager, and an animal technician involved in the daily care of the animal. The benefit is that the animal QOL is quantitatively assessed and no one person is charged with making the decision to euthanize.
What does the AWA say about temperatures for NHP’s
Temperatures cannot drop below 45F or exceed 85F for more that 4 consecutive hours. At temps above 85F, provisions should be made for cooling or for increasing air movement.
The recommended environmental temps settings for most NHP’s is 64-84F; however, consideration should be given to the animal’s natural history and thermoneutral zone.
What are the recommended air changes and what is the recommended RH?
Controlled environments should be provided with nonrecirculated ventilation at a rate of 10-15 air changes per hour.
Most species of NHP, RH should be 30-70%. Some New World primates (tamarins and marmosets) require a RH of 50%.
What is the recommended light cycle
12h light/ 12h dark.
Aotus sp. have a reverse light cycle with a red light provided during the animals “dark cycle” so normal husbandry can occur.
Effective sanitation is composed of what two elements?
cleaning and disinfecting
Cleaning is the removal of dirt and waste products.
Disinfecting is the reduction or elimination of pathogenic microorganisms
What is the preferred floor for NHP and why?
Slatted or grid floors. allow waste products to fall away from the animals environment which reduces chances of fecal oral contamination when animal eats food items from the cage floor.
In general, what is the disinfection and sanitization schedule?
daily disinfection should be supplemented with biweekly sanitation of primary enclosures and their associated structures (cage racks and cage pans). Primary enclosures and food and water receptacles should be sanitized by live steam under pressure or 180F water.
What is the federal standard known as Hazard Communication “Worker Right to Know” and who was it developed by?
Mid-1980’s, OSHA created a work environment where hazards are identified, their capabilities for related health problems are recognized, and the workers are given complete access to their respective laboratory results and medical records.
What is the mimimum biosafety standard when working with NHP’s?
BSL-2
What NHP disease does not cause clinical disease in humans but is the most frequently found zoonotic virus in occupationally exposed nonhuman primate caretakers.
Simian foamy virus
What are the most serious zoonotic pathogens associated with NHPs?
Macacine herpesvirus 1 (McHV-1 or herpes B virus)
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
Tuberculosis
Bacterial gastroenteritis (Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter spp.)
What is the ultimate goal of serodiagnostic testing?
mitigate the risks of adventitious infectious agents on research and to use the information that is generated to make management decisions regarding the infection status of the animals.
What is diagnostic sensitivity (DSn) and what test is known to have a high DSn?
the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease- true positives
EIA (indirect enzyme immunoassay)
What is the diagnostic specificity (DSp) and what test is known to have a high DSp?
the ability of a test to correctly identify those without the disease- true negatives
WIB (Western immunoblot) or
IFA (indirect fluorescent antibody)
What do you have to know to accurately calculate the TP, TN, FN, and FP from the DSn and DSp?
the prevalence of the infection in the test population
What is the most common site for venipuncture in the NHP?
femoral vein
What are the common venipuncture sites in New World primates?
Femoral vein is most common. Also use saphenous veins and bilateral tail veins and jugular vein.
What is the maximum blood volume that can be safely obtained during a sample collection
10-15% of total blood volume, not taken more frequently once every two weeks.
Where are two locations that CSF can be safely collected?
Cisterna magna and lumbar area
Cisterna magna- collected at the junction of a line that bisects the cranial wings of the atlas and a line extending caudal from the external occipital protuberance
Lumbar- most desired, less risk of complications. a horizontal line between both iliac crests will bisect the intervertebral space at that should be entered.
