Command and Control
What is Command and Control in a broad sense?
Includes leadership, coordination, effective decision-making and behaving lawfully and ethically with a prevention and victim focus
It occurs when Command and Control is communicated to all responders to the incident, and their agencies, by giving appropriate tasking’s that are completed correctly and in a timely manner
Command and Control
Explain the Threat Assessment Methodology - TENR ?
Threat - Means any individual, act, or anything that is likely to cause harm or have the potential to hinder police in the performance of their duties
Exposure – means the potential for harm (physical or otherwise) to people, or the security of places or things. Can be mitigated through assessment and planning.
Necessity – to intervene immediately is considered, ie: Now, Later, Delay
Response - Must be proportionate and based on a considered assessment of TENR
Command and Control
What is “Command” and “Control” ?
Control - Operates horizontally across agencies. A “controller” is in control of the incident, they are responsible for coordinating and directing the response to an incident, Set priorities and objectives and determines how best to implement them. Includes Authority to assign tasks to another agency … However that Controller can only “command” staff within their own agency, and does not include ownership, admin responsibility or management of another agencies resources.
Command - Operates vertically within an agency. Is the internal ownership, administrative responsibility and detailed direction of an agencies personnel and resources.
Command and Control
What are the three essentials elements of Command and Control ?
- Leadership
- Decision Making
- Control
Command and Control
What are the reasons Police use the CIMS model ?
- One model of command, control and coordination
- Consistent with any interagency response in New Zealand
- Is understood and practised by our multi-agency partners
- Is consistent with command, control and coordination SOP’s to a national level
- Is already practised at all levels of police and is the operating model for frontline response emergency incidents
Command and Control
What are the three Specific Command Levels ?
- Tactical - The level within which police resources are directly deployed within the community
- Operational - Exists when there are multiple tactical level activities or when the complexity of the situation requires a higher level of command
- Strategic - Is applied when the scope, consequence, community or political implications of an event is significant and requires dedicated attention
Principles of Command and Control
Explain what a Controller/Commander is responsible for ?
Responsible for:
* The successful outcome of the operation, has authority to control all Police and other agency resources committed to operation.
- Should limit to 2 to 7 direct reports.
- Delegate tasks, arrange replacements.
- responsible for community, safety, the health and well-being of staff and wider reputation of Police.
- Must behave, lawfully, ethically, and professionally.
Command and Control - Appreciation Process
Briefly explain AFCO ?
- Aim - will generally start with “To …”, will outline the“what” of operation (H & 5 W’s)
(The Controllers/Commanders Intent) - Factors - is the circumstances, facts or influences, which might contribute to the conduct of the operation (so what?)
- Courses of Action - once all factors have been considered, logical appropriate and distinguishable courses of action will be identified to achieve the Aim and develop a Plan.
- Outline Plan - should contain sufficient information for the Controller/Commander who requested the operation to approve it.
An outline plan will cover the:
* Situation - background to the operation.
* Mission - generally a further development of the aim.
* Execution - What, When, How, Who, Where it will be done … developed into Full Operation Orders
Command and Control - Appreciation Process
What will an effective Action Plan outline, when other agencies are involved ?
- integrate all of the agencies into a cohesive response.
- Increases situational awareness between agencies.
- Coordinates activities towards a common goal.
- Reduces risk, duplication and conflicting actions.
Command and Control - Appreciation Process
Development of new Action Plans. New Action Plans should not be developed at arbitrary periods such as the start of a new shift. New action plans are only developed, when ?
- When objectives in original Action Plan are achieved.
- If the situation changes significantly and original Action Plan objectives cannot be achieved, OR
- Objectives are changed by the controller.
Command and Control - Operation Orders (CIMS - Action Plans)
What does GSMEAC stand for ?
- Ground
- Situation
- Mission
- Execution
- Administration & Logistics
- Command and Signals
Emergency Communications Centre
All incidents reported to the Emergency Communication Centre is the responsibility of whom ?
ECC Shift Commander … remains as so until the role of Incident controller is formally passed to a suitable Field Supervisor
Emergency Communications Centre
What are some of the matters to consider prior to transferring of incident control to Field Units ?
- In early stages of incident, the ECC is usually best equipped to control the response
- Highest ranking person is not necessarily most appropriate to assume control.
- The designated Incident Controller should not be delegated control until they have had the opportunity to:
- Establish an incident control point
- Familiarise themselves with the incident and obtain a briefing.
- Formulate a response plan.
Emergency Communications Centre
MOC … stands for ?
RIOD is used for what ?
- Major Operations Centre
- RIOD - used to support command control operations across Police. It provides a common operating picture based on a “single source of truth” to enhance situational awareness and facilitate planning and collaboration.
NZ CIMS
What does CIMS stand for and when is it used ?
Coordinated Incident Management System
An incident that needs a response from one or more agencies:
* Emergencies and Non-Emergencies
* Can also be large public gatherings and events
* Range from small to large incidents
* Simple to complex
* Can be managed at one or Multiple levels
NZ CIMS
What is the purpose of CIMS ?
To achieve effective coordinated incident management across responding agencies by:
- Establishing common structures, functions and terminology used by agencies in incident management, within a framework that is flexible, modular, and scalable tailored to circumstances specific to any level, or type of incident; AND
- Enabling agencies to develop their own processes, procedures and training for the execution of CIMS
Emergency Management - CIMS
The “Components” of Emergency Management are referred to as the 4R’s … what are the 4R’s ?
- Risk reduction
- Readiness (to respond)
- Response, AND
- Recovery
**CIMS is applied during Response … therefore must be factored into “Readiness”
Emergency Management - CIMS
What are some of the “Common Response OBJECTIVES” that provide guidance to responders … ?
- Preserve life (including ensuring responder safety)
- Prevent escalation of the emergency
- Maintain law and order
- Care for the sick, injured, and dependent
- Provide essential services
- Preserve governance
- Protect assets, including buildings and their contents
- Protect natural and physical resources
- Provide animal welfare, AND
- Preserve economic and social activity
Emergency Management - CIMS
What are the CIMS Principles, and their Māori names also ?
- Responsive to community needs (Urupare ki nga hiahia hapori)
- Flexibility (Ngawaritanga)
- Unity of effort (Mahi ngatahi)
Emergency Management - CIMS
Name the “Characteristics” that define CIMS ? (4 things)
- Common structures, roles and responsibilities
- Common terminology
- Inter-operability
- Management by objectives
Emergency Management - CIMS
What are some of the benefits of engaging with Iwi/Māori in a response / recovery ?
- Strong networks;
- Access to community focal points (i.e. marae);
- Ability to mobilise resources appropriately;
- Understanding of tikanga (Marae protocol, burial practices);
- Able to identify and access Iwi needs;
- Understanding the local landscape, including history and sacred sites;
- An ability to link with other cultures
Emergency Management - CIMS
When engaging with Iwi/Maori in response / recovery, it should be based on what 3 things ?
- A partnership that is built on mutual respect and shared values, and that follows the Treaty Principles of Participation, Protection and Partnership
- Recognition of the capability and capacity of the Iwi/Maori to support response and recovery; AND
- Collaboration between Iwi/Maori and Emergency Management organisations before, during and after an event, and across all 4R’s
Emergency Management - CIMS
What are the 7 key functions under the CIMS model ?
CONTROL
(IMT - Incident Management Team)
- Intel
- Planning
- Operations
- Logistics
- PIM (Public Info. Management)
- Welfare
Emergency Management - CIMS
The IMT may also include other CIMS functions, such as what ?
- a Response Manager
- Technical experts with knowledge relevant to the incident
- Health & Safety advisors; AND
- Iwi representation
