Commonly Missed #3 Flashcards
(18 cards)
bystander effect
the tendency for people to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present
cannon-bard theory
a theory of emotion suggesting that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously
CAT scan (CT scan)
an imaging method using x-rays to create detailed pictures of the brain’s structure
classical conditioning
a type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, eventually triggering a similar response (Pavlov’s dogs)
cocktail party effect
the ability to focus on a single conversation in a noisy environment, especially when your name is mentioned
cognitive dissonance theory
the idea that people experience discomfort when holding conflicting beliefs and are motivated to reduce this discomfort by changing beliefs or behaviors
collective unconscious
Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history
confirmation bias
the tendency the search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms one’s preconceptions
Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory
A theory of color vision stating that the retina contains three types of color receptors (red, green, blue)
approach-approach conflict
choosing between two desirable options
approach-avoidance conflict
one choice has both positive and negative aspects
correlation
a measure of the relationship between two variables (does not imply causation)
avoidance-avoidance conflict
choosing between two unattractive options
cross-sectional study
research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
declarative (explicit) memory
memory of facts and events that you can consciously recall and describe
defense mechanism
in Freud’s theory, unconscious strategies the ego uses to reduce anxiety (repression, denial)
deindividuation
loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations, often leading to impulsive behavior
dependent variable
the variable being measured in an experiment; changes in response to the independent variable
