Commonly Missed #4

Question 1

dichotic listening task

Answer 1

research method in which different audio messages are played into each ear to study selective attention

Question 2

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 2

the tendency for individuals in a group to feel less personally responsible to take action, especially in emergencies

Question 3

discrimination

Answer 3

learning - the ability to distinguish between similar stimuli and respond only to the correct one
social - unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members

Question 4

disorders

Answer 4

patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional, classified in the DSM-5

Question 5

dopamine

Answer 5

neurotransmitter involved in movement, reward, motivation, and pleasure; linked to Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia

Question 6

EEG (electroencephalogram)

Answer 6

a tool that measures electrical activity in the brain using electrodes on the scalp; often used in sleep and seizure studies.

Question 7

experiment

Answer 7

research method where the investigator manipulates one variable to observe its effect on another

Question 8

explicit memory

Answer 8

memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously recall

Question 9

extinction (classical conditioning)

Answer 9

the weakening of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus

Question 10

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Answer 10

the tendency to agree to a large request after first agreeing to a smaller one

Question 11

functional fixedness

Answer 11

a cognitive bias where a person is unable to see an object being used in any way other than its typical function

Question 12

fundamental attribution error (FAE)

Answer 12

the tendency to overestimate personal traits and underestimate situational factors when explaining others’ behavior

Question 13

GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)

Answer 13

The brain’s primary inhibitory neurotransmitter; helps reduce anxiety and excitement

Question 14

Generalization (classical conditioning)

Answer 14

The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus

Question 15

habituation

Answer 15

a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure; a basic form of learning

Question 16

hindsight bias

Answer 16

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one “knew it all along”

Question 17

imprinting

Answer 17

a rapid learning process occurring early in life, in which an animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees