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VETS1025: Animal Management > Companion Animal > Flashcards

Companion Animal Flashcards

1
Q

Define Act

A

A legal instrument that records a fact and has probation value and executory force

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2
Q

Define Code of Practice

A

A written document establishing ethical standards in a profession

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3
Q

Define Guidelines

A

A general rule, principal, or piece of advice

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4
Q

The Animal Care and Protection Act, 2001 is a legislation that (4)

A

-promotes the responsible care and use of animals
-provides standards for the care and use of animals
-protects animals from unjustifiable, unnecessary, or unreasonable pain
-ensures the use of animals for scientific purposes is accountable, open, and responsible

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5
Q

NHMRC stands for

A

National Health & Medical Research Council

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6
Q

DEEDI stands for ___ and covers ____

A

-Department of Employment, Economic Development & Innovation
-QDAF (Queensland of Agriculture and Fisheries)

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7
Q

QDAF stands for _____ and does _____

A

-Queensland Agriculture and Fisheries
-develops, monitors, and enforces animal welfare policy, legislation and standards, and educates the community

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8
Q

NH&MRC stands for _____ and does ______

A

-National Health & Medical Research Council
-Australia’s peak body for supporting health and medical research (human and animal)

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9
Q

Two vet industry bodies include

A

-AVA (Australian Veterinary Association)
-VNCA (Veterinary Nurses Council of Australia)

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10
Q

AVA stands for

A

Australia Veterinary Association

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11
Q

VNCA stands for

A

Veterinary Nurses Council of Australia

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12
Q

Three Animal Welfare Organizations include:

A

-RSPCA
-Animals Australia
-Animal Welfare League QLD (AWLQ)

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13
Q

Cats are in the order ____, family ____, and species ____

A

Carnivora
Felidae
Felis catus

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14
Q

Dogs are in the order ____, family _____, and species _____

A

Carnivora
Canidae
Canis (lupus) familiaris

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15
Q

Companion Animals can be used for: (4)

A

-working animals
-companionship
-research
-teaching

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16
Q

Owners of pets have (5 points):

A

-lower blood pressure
-reduced stress
-increased survival post heart attack
-weight control
-fewer minor health issues

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17
Q

Intrinsic Factors are

A

Inherited / genetic

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18
Q

Extrinsic Factors are

A

Environmental / learned

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19
Q

Two factors that drive animal behaviour

A

-intrinsic factors (inherited/genetic)
-extrinsic factors (environmental/learned)

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20
Q

Overpopulation of feral dogs/cats can lead to (2)

A

-negative impact on wildlife and farming
-possible increase in zoonotic diseases

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21
Q

7 Methods of Companion Animal Identification include:

A

-breed
-gender
-age
-markings
-physical characteristics
-tattoos
-microchips

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22
Q

7 basic needs of all animals include:

A
  1. Warmth, comfort, security
  2. Companionship, mental stimulation, expression
  3. Protection from disease/injury through safe housing, hygiene/cleaning, and health care
  4. Protection from fear/distress
  5. Exercise
  6. Provision of appropriate food/water
  7. Opportunity to urinate and defecate AWAY from sleeping/feeding areas
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23
Q

Ideal temperature and humidity for dogs and cats are

A

Temperature: 24-26 C
Humidity: Dogs - 65%; Cats ~50%

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24
Q

Protection from disease and injury of companion animals include 3 factors

A

-safe housing
-hygiene and cleaning
-health care

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25
Q

Exercise requirements for companion animals depends on (4)

A

-breed
-age
-health status
-life stage

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26
Q

Companion animal feed needs to be (5 points):

A

-complete (contains all 6 classes of essential nutrients)
-balanced
-digestible and utilisable
-palatable
-acceptable

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27
Q

6 classes of essential nutrients include

A

-water
-carbohydrates
-proteins
-fats
-minerals
-vitamins

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28
Q

Four attributes of environmental enrichment include:

A

-security
-complexity
-achievement
-novelty

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29
Q

Facilities with continuous and high density use of disinfectants can have

A

Disease build up —> pathogens become immune

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30
Q

Define fomite

A

An inanimate object that carries pathogens

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31
Q

Dose effect depends on

A

-virulence of pathogen
-animal’s immune status

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32
Q

Three types of cleaning products

A

-soap/detergent
-disinfectant
-degreaser

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33
Q

Quaternary ammonia is (3 points):

A

-effective against most bacteria and some viruses
-inactivated by soaps/detergents
-has low tissue toxicity

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34
Q

Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) can: (4)

A

-inactivates unenveloped viruses
-effective against ringworm
-inactivated by organic matter, exposure to light, or extended storage
-has low tissue toxicity

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35
Q

What cleaning product is effective against ringworm

A

Bleach (sodium hypochlorite)

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36
Q

Virgin (potassium peroxymonosulfate) will

A

Completely inactive unenveloped viruses

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37
Q

Cleaning should proceed from ____ areas of housing to _____ areas of housing

A

Cleanest, most vulnerable ; most contaminated, least vulnerable

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38
Q

Four elements of effective sanitation include

A
  1. Clean then disinfect
  2. Use effective products
  3. Clean where it counts - be meticulous
  4. Minimization of stress and fomite transmission
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39
Q

List four modes of disease transmission and an example of each

A
  1. Direct contact - FIV
  2. Inhalation - kennel cough
  3. Vector - fleas/ticks
  4. Fomite - water/food bowls
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40
Q

Dose effect describes

A

The ability for disease to be contracted based on germ virulence AND the individual’s immune status

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41
Q

The vomeronsal organ

A

Detects pheromones

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42
Q

VNO stands for

A

Vomeronasal organ

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43
Q

What is the Flehman Response

A

-directs inhaled compounds to the VNO
-animal lifts head, wrinkles nose while lifting lips and ceases to breathe momentarily

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44
Q

The VNO in dogs is near

A

The hard palate

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45
Q

Cats have _____ peripheral vision and ____ binocular vision

A

150-205 degrees and 90-130 degree overlap

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46
Q

A mirror like structure which creates a green shine at night (night vision) is called

A

Tapetum lucidum

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47
Q

What helps lubricate the cornea

A

Third eyelid

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48
Q

Best vision of cats is at

A

2-6 meters

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49
Q

Do dogs or cats have a higher hearing frequency range

A

Cats

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50
Q

The pinnacle can

A

Move independently of one another through 180 degrees

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51
Q

Adult cats have how many teeth

A

30 teeth (16 upper and 14 lower)

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52
Q

4 types of teeth and their functions in cats

A
  1. Incisors - ripping and scrapping
  2. Canines - holding, killing, and tearing
    3/4. Premolars and Molars - cut meat
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53
Q

How many teeth do dogs have

A

42 teeth (20 upper and 22 lower)

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54
Q

Four types of teeth and their functions in dogs

A
  1. Incisors - cutting and nibbling
  2. Canines - holding and tearing
  3. Premolars - cutting, holding, and shearing
  4. Molars - grinding
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55
Q

Gender in cats is determined by

A

Urogenital distance

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56
Q

The penis of dogs is found on

A

The ventral surface (under belly)

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57
Q

Female cats can experience their first heat at

A

4 months

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58
Q

Cats are ____ ovulators

A

Induced

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59
Q

The heat cycle of cats is

A

14-21 days

60
Q

What is lordosis

A

The queen’s mating posture

61
Q

Genital contact in cats lasts

A

10 seconds

62
Q

Female dogs experience their first heat

A

Between 6-8 months of age

63
Q

Define dioestrous

A

Go into heat twice a year

64
Q

Oestrus in dogs can last

A

4-13 days

65
Q

Tying of dogs is (3)

A

-common and normal
-due to the engorgement of the glands penis
-can last 5-20 minutes

66
Q

Life span of dogs

A

10-15 years

67
Q

Life span of cats

A

9-14 years

68
Q

Adult weight of dogs

A

2-90 kg

69
Q

Adult weight of cats

A

2.5 - 5.5 kgs

70
Q

Average gestation period of dogs

A

63 days

71
Q

Average gestation period of cats

A

65 days

72
Q

Re-mate post parturition in dogs occurs at

A

30-90 days

73
Q

Re-mate post-parturition in cats

A

2-3 weeks

74
Q

Onset of puberty in dogs

A

6-9 months

75
Q

Onset of puberty in cats

A

4-6 months

76
Q

Sexual cycle of dogs

A

Monoestrous/dioestrous

77
Q

Sexual cycle of cats

A

Polyestrous

78
Q

Length of oestrous in dogs

A

~9 days

79
Q

Length of oestrous in cats

A

~4 days

80
Q

Ovulation in dogs occurs

A

Spontaneously

81
Q

Ovulation in cats occurs

A

24-56 hours post-mating

82
Q

Nutrition is

A

The science of the interaction of a substance that promotes the optimal function for all organs

83
Q

Dietetics is

A

The way food is provided

84
Q

Energy is measured in

A

Kcal

85
Q

1000 calories = ____ kcal

A

1

86
Q

Digestibility is

A

The proportion digested by the animal (% content of nutrition MINUS % content in faeces)

87
Q

Biological Value (bioavailability) is

A

The relationship between amount of nutrient absorbed and the amount utilized by the body

88
Q

Nutrients are measured on (3)

A

-% fed
-% dry matter (DM)
-on caloric basis

89
Q

Generally, dogs and cats require ______ of water

A

33-66 mL/kg/day

90
Q

Factors affecting water intake include: (5)

A

-temperature
-type of diet (wet, dry, semi)
-exercise
-physiologic state
-health

91
Q

Two types of vitamins are

A

-Fat Soluble (A, D, E, K)
-Water Soluble (B-complex, C)

92
Q

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are

A

Fat soluble

93
Q

Vitamin B-complex and C are

A

Water soluble

94
Q

Two types of minerals are + examples of each

A

-macro (Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium)
-micro (Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Zinc)

95
Q

Calcium to Phosphorus ratio is (3 points):

A

-crucial in diets
-maintains growth and structure of skeletal system
-1.2:1

96
Q

Fibre can either be

A

-soluble
-insoluble

97
Q

What is NOT an essential dietary component in companion animals

A

Fibre

98
Q

Fibre helps to (4):

A

-bind water
-increase faecal bulk
-influence nutrient absorption and adsorption
-maintain structural integrity of intestinal mucosa

99
Q

50-80% of dry matter in food is used for

A

Energy

100
Q

Energy yielding nutrients include

A

-carbohydrates
-protein
-fats

101
Q

Digestible Energy (DE) is found by

A

Subtracting Gross Energy (GE) by Faecel Energy (FE)

102
Q

Main energy source are

A

Carbohydrates

103
Q

Four types of Carbohydrates are

A

-monosaccharides
-disaccharides
-oligosaccharides
-polysaccharides

104
Q

Carbohydrates can be converted to

A

Body fat for storage

105
Q

Two types of Amino Acids

A

-nonessential
-essential

106
Q

Proteins and amino acids comprise _____ of dry matter in food

A

20-50%

107
Q

Two essential amino acids in cats are

A

-Arginine
-Taurine

108
Q

Non essential amino acids are

A

Manufactured by the body

109
Q

Arginine and Taurine are

A

-essential amino acids in cats
-only found in animal tissues

110
Q

Cats are _____ while dogs are _____

A

Obligate carnivores ; distinctly omnivores

111
Q

Methods of feeding include

A

-Ad Lib (food always available)
-Time Restricted (research setting)
-Food Restricted (best option)

112
Q

Food requirements for optimal health are influenced by: (6)

A

-individual variation
-environmental temperature/humidity/air movement
-stress
-physical activity
-stage of life
-health status

113
Q

Energy requirements are determined by calculating

A

Resting Energy Requirements (RER) measured as kcal/day

114
Q

Two formulas for determining RER are

A
  1. Linear Equation: 30 x Body Weight in kg + 70
  2. Exponential Equation: 70 x Body Weight in kg ^0.75
115
Q

Best formula for determining RER is

A

Exponential Equation:
70 x Body Weight in kg ^0.75

116
Q

Maintenance Energy Requirements (MER) is calculated by

A

Multiplying RER by a pre-determined factor

117
Q

Calculating amount to feed is determined by

A

Dividing MER by Metabolizable energy in food

118
Q

Dogs prefer ____ meals while cats prefer _____

A

Large, infrequent ; small, frequent

119
Q

Clinical indicators of nutrition in companion animals include (5):

A

-coat and skin
-gas production
-activity level
-skeletal health
-defecation frequency and consistency

120
Q

Essential amino acids are those

A

That are NOT synthesized by the body (or the rate of synthesis is too slow to meet body’s demands)

121
Q

How an animal will react is based on

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors

122
Q

Define anthropomorphizing

A

To attribute human form or personality to things not human

123
Q

What are papillae

A

Tiny structures on the tongue of cats used for grip and grooming

124
Q

What does crepuscular mean

A

Active at twilight

125
Q

Signalment includes

A

-breed
-age
-sex
-BCS

126
Q

Reproductive status can influence: (7)

A

-behaviour
-reproductive disorders
-developmental disease
-neoplastic conditions
-obesity
-management of reproduction
-medical conditions/diseases

127
Q

BCS in companion animals evaluates

A

Body fat on a score of 1-9 (4-5 being optimal)

128
Q

Normal temperature of cats is

A

38.1-39.2 C

129
Q

Normal temperature of dogs is

A

37.9 - 39.4 C

130
Q

Normal heart rate of cats is

A

150 - 200 bpm

131
Q

Normal heart rate of dogs is

A

60 - 120 bpm

132
Q

Normal respiratory rate of cats is

A

20 - 30 bpm

133
Q

Normal respiratory rate of dogs is

A

18 - 24 bpm

134
Q

CRT stands for and should be

A

Capillary Refill Time ; <2 seconds

135
Q

The physical exam should be preformed

A

Nose to tail

136
Q

Core vaccines of dogs

A

-Distemper
-Hepatitis
-Parvovirus
-Rabies

137
Q

Core vaccines of Cats are

A

-panleukopaenia virus
-herpesvirus
-calicivirus
-rabies

138
Q

Ectoparasites include

A

-fleas
-ticks
-mites

139
Q

Endoparasites include

A

-heartworm
-intestinal worms

140
Q

Zoonotic intestinal worms are

A

-hookworm
-roundworm

141
Q

Four types of intestinal worms include

A

-hookworm
-roundworm
-tapeworm
-whipworm (dogs only)

142
Q

Three Federal Government Agencies that employ dogs are

A

-Biosecurity
-Australian Border Forces
-Australian Federal Police

143
Q

The 3Rs of Animal Research

A

-Replace
-Reduce
-Refine

144
Q

Welfare is

A

How an animal copes physically and mentally within its environment

145
Q

Five Domains of Animal Welfare are

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Environment
  3. Health
  4. Behaviour
  5. Mental State
146
Q

The Flehmen Response is used to detect ____ and NOT _____

A

Pheromones ; odours

VETS1025: Animal Management (7 decks)

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