Companion Animal Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
Define Act
A
A legal instrument that records a fact and has probation value and executory force
2
Q
Define Code of Practice
A
A written document establishing ethical standards in a profession
3
Q
Define Guidelines
A
A general rule, principal, or piece of advice
4
Q
The Animal Care and Protection Act, 2001 is a legislation that (4)
A
-promotes the responsible care and use of animals
-provides standards for the care and use of animals
-protects animals from unjustifiable, unnecessary, or unreasonable pain
-ensures the use of animals for scientific purposes is accountable, open, and responsible
5
Q
NHMRC stands for
A
National Health & Medical Research Council
6
Q
DEEDI stands for ___ and covers ____
A
-Department of Employment, Economic Development & Innovation
-QDAF (Queensland of Agriculture and Fisheries)
7
Q
QDAF stands for _____ and does _____
A
-Queensland Agriculture and Fisheries
-develops, monitors, and enforces animal welfare policy, legislation and standards, and educates the community
8
Q
NH&MRC stands for _____ and does ______
A
-National Health & Medical Research Council
-Australia’s peak body for supporting health and medical research (human and animal)
9
Q
Two vet industry bodies include
A
-AVA (Australian Veterinary Association)
-VNCA (Veterinary Nurses Council of Australia)
10
Q
AVA stands for
A
Australia Veterinary Association
11
Q
VNCA stands for
A
Veterinary Nurses Council of Australia
12
Q
Three Animal Welfare Organizations include:
A
-RSPCA
-Animals Australia
-Animal Welfare League QLD (AWLQ)
13
Q
Cats are in the order ____, family ____, and species ____
A
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis catus
14
Q
Dogs are in the order ____, family _____, and species _____
A
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis (lupus) familiaris
15
Q
Companion Animals can be used for: (4)
A
-working animals
-companionship
-research
-teaching
16
Q
Owners of pets have (5 points):
A
-lower blood pressure
-reduced stress
-increased survival post heart attack
-weight control
-fewer minor health issues
17
Q
Intrinsic Factors are
A
Inherited / genetic
18
Q
Extrinsic Factors are
A
Environmental / learned
19
Q
Two factors that drive animal behaviour
A
-intrinsic factors (inherited/genetic)
-extrinsic factors (environmental/learned)
20
Q
Overpopulation of feral dogs/cats can lead to (2)
A
-negative impact on wildlife and farming
-possible increase in zoonotic diseases
21
Q
7 Methods of Companion Animal Identification include:
A
-breed
-gender
-age
-markings
-physical characteristics
-tattoos
-microchips
22
Q
7 basic needs of all animals include:
A
- Warmth, comfort, security
- Companionship, mental stimulation, expression
- Protection from disease/injury through safe housing, hygiene/cleaning, and health care
- Protection from fear/distress
- Exercise
- Provision of appropriate food/water
- Opportunity to urinate and defecate AWAY from sleeping/feeding areas
23
Q
Ideal temperature and humidity for dogs and cats are
A
Temperature: 24-26 C
Humidity: Dogs - 65%; Cats ~50%
24
Q
Protection from disease and injury of companion animals include 3 factors
A
-safe housing
-hygiene and cleaning
-health care
25
Exercise requirements for companion animals depends on (4)
-breed
-age
-health status
-life stage
26
Companion animal feed needs to be (5 points):
-complete (contains all 6 classes of essential nutrients)
-balanced
-digestible and utilisable
-palatable
-acceptable
27
6 classes of essential nutrients include
-water
-carbohydrates
-proteins
-fats
-minerals
-vitamins
28
Four attributes of environmental enrichment include:
-security
-complexity
-achievement
-novelty
29
Facilities with continuous and high density use of disinfectants can have
Disease build up —> pathogens become immune
30
Define fomite
An inanimate object that carries pathogens
31
Dose effect depends on
-virulence of pathogen
-animal’s immune status
32
Three types of cleaning products
-soap/detergent
-disinfectant
-degreaser
33
Quaternary ammonia is (3 points):
-effective against most bacteria and some viruses
-inactivated by soaps/detergents
-has low tissue toxicity
34
Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) can: (4)
-inactivates unenveloped viruses
-effective against ringworm
-inactivated by organic matter, exposure to light, or extended storage
-has low tissue toxicity
35
What cleaning product is effective against ringworm
Bleach (sodium hypochlorite)
36
Virgin (potassium peroxymonosulfate) will
Completely inactive unenveloped viruses
37
Cleaning should proceed from ____ areas of housing to _____ areas of housing
Cleanest, most vulnerable ; most contaminated, least vulnerable
38
Four elements of effective sanitation include
1. Clean then disinfect
2. Use effective products
3. Clean where it counts - be meticulous
4. Minimization of stress and fomite transmission
39
List four modes of disease transmission and an example of each
1. Direct contact - FIV
2. Inhalation - kennel cough
3. Vector - fleas/ticks
4. Fomite - water/food bowls
40
Dose effect describes
The ability for disease to be contracted based on germ virulence AND the individual’s immune status
41
The vomeronsal organ
Detects pheromones
42
VNO stands for
Vomeronasal organ
43
What is the Flehman Response
-directs inhaled compounds to the VNO
-animal lifts head, wrinkles nose while lifting lips and ceases to breathe momentarily
44
The VNO in dogs is near
The hard palate
45
Cats have _____ peripheral vision and ____ binocular vision
150-205 degrees and 90-130 degree overlap
46
A mirror like structure which creates a green shine at night (night vision) is called
Tapetum lucidum
47
What helps lubricate the cornea
Third eyelid
48
Best vision of cats is at
2-6 meters
49
Do dogs or cats have a higher hearing frequency range
Cats
50
The pinnacle can
Move independently of one another through 180 degrees
51
Adult cats have how many teeth
30 teeth (16 upper and 14 lower)
52
4 types of teeth and their functions in cats
1. Incisors - ripping and scrapping
2. Canines - holding, killing, and tearing
3/4. Premolars and Molars - cut meat
53
How many teeth do dogs have
42 teeth (20 upper and 22 lower)
54
Four types of teeth and their functions in dogs
1. Incisors - cutting and nibbling
2. Canines - holding and tearing
3. Premolars - cutting, holding, and shearing
4. Molars - grinding
55
Gender in cats is determined by
Urogenital distance
56
The penis of dogs is found on
The ventral surface (under belly)
57
Female cats can experience their first heat at
4 months
58
Cats are ____ ovulators
Induced
59
The heat cycle of cats is
14-21 days
60
What is lordosis
The queen’s mating posture
61
Genital contact in cats lasts
10 seconds
62
Female dogs experience their first heat
Between 6-8 months of age
63
Define dioestrous
Go into heat twice a year
64
Oestrus in dogs can last
4-13 days
65
Tying of dogs is (3)
-common and normal
-due to the engorgement of the glands penis
-can last 5-20 minutes
66
Life span of dogs
10-15 years
67
Life span of cats
9-14 years
68
Adult weight of dogs
2-90 kg
69
Adult weight of cats
2.5 - 5.5 kgs
70
Average gestation period of dogs
63 days
71
Average gestation period of cats
65 days
72
Re-mate post parturition in dogs occurs at
30-90 days
73
Re-mate post-parturition in cats
2-3 weeks
74
Onset of puberty in dogs
6-9 months
75
Onset of puberty in cats
4-6 months
76
Sexual cycle of dogs
Monoestrous/dioestrous
77
Sexual cycle of cats
Polyestrous
78
Length of oestrous in dogs
~9 days
79
Length of oestrous in cats
~4 days
80
Ovulation in dogs occurs
Spontaneously
81
Ovulation in cats occurs
24-56 hours post-mating
82
Nutrition is
The science of the interaction of a substance that promotes the optimal function for all organs
83
Dietetics is
The way food is provided
84
Energy is measured in
Kcal
85
1000 calories = ____ kcal
1
86
Digestibility is
The proportion digested by the animal (% content of nutrition MINUS % content in faeces)
87
Biological Value (bioavailability) is
The relationship between amount of nutrient absorbed and the amount utilized by the body
88
Nutrients are measured on (3)
-% fed
-% dry matter (DM)
-on caloric basis
89
Generally, dogs and cats require ______ of water
33-66 mL/kg/day
90
Factors affecting water intake include: (5)
-temperature
-type of diet (wet, dry, semi)
-exercise
-physiologic state
-health
91
Two types of vitamins are
-Fat Soluble (A, D, E, K)
-Water Soluble (B-complex, C)
92
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are
Fat soluble
93
Vitamin B-complex and C are
Water soluble
94
Two types of minerals are + examples of each
-macro (Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium)
-micro (Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Zinc)
95
Calcium to Phosphorus ratio is (3 points):
-crucial in diets
-maintains growth and structure of skeletal system
-1.2:1
96
Fibre can either be
-soluble
-insoluble
97
What is NOT an essential dietary component in companion animals
Fibre
98
Fibre helps to (4):
-bind water
-increase faecal bulk
-influence nutrient absorption and adsorption
-maintain structural integrity of intestinal mucosa
99
50-80% of dry matter in food is used for
Energy
100
Energy yielding nutrients include
-carbohydrates
-protein
-fats
101
Digestible Energy (DE) is found by
Subtracting Gross Energy (GE) by Faecel Energy (FE)
102
Main energy source are
Carbohydrates
103
Four types of Carbohydrates are
-monosaccharides
-disaccharides
-oligosaccharides
-polysaccharides
104
Carbohydrates can be converted to
Body fat for storage
105
Two types of Amino Acids
-nonessential
-essential
106
Proteins and amino acids comprise _____ of dry matter in food
20-50%
107
Two essential amino acids in cats are
-Arginine
-Taurine
108
Non essential amino acids are
Manufactured by the body
109
Arginine and Taurine are
-essential amino acids in cats
-only found in animal tissues
110
Cats are _____ while dogs are _____
Obligate carnivores ; distinctly omnivores
111
Methods of feeding include
-Ad Lib (food always available)
-Time Restricted (research setting)
-Food Restricted (best option)
112
Food requirements for optimal health are influenced by: (6)
-individual variation
-environmental temperature/humidity/air movement
-stress
-physical activity
-stage of life
-health status
113
Energy requirements are determined by calculating
Resting Energy Requirements (RER) measured as kcal/day
114
Two formulas for determining RER are
1. Linear Equation: 30 x Body Weight in kg + 70
2. Exponential Equation: 70 x Body Weight in kg ^0.75
115
Best formula for determining RER is
Exponential Equation:
70 x Body Weight in kg ^0.75
116
Maintenance Energy Requirements (MER) is calculated by
Multiplying RER by a pre-determined factor
117
Calculating amount to feed is determined by
Dividing MER by Metabolizable energy in food
118
Dogs prefer ____ meals while cats prefer _____
Large, infrequent ; small, frequent
119
Clinical indicators of nutrition in companion animals include (5):
-coat and skin
-gas production
-activity level
-skeletal health
-defecation frequency and consistency
120
Essential amino acids are those
That are NOT synthesized by the body (or the rate of synthesis is too slow to meet body’s demands)
121
How an animal will react is based on
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors
122
Define anthropomorphizing
To attribute human form or personality to things not human
123
What are papillae
Tiny structures on the tongue of cats used for grip and grooming
124
What does crepuscular mean
Active at twilight
125
Signalment includes
-breed
-age
-sex
-BCS
126
Reproductive status can influence: (7)
-behaviour
-reproductive disorders
-developmental disease
-neoplastic conditions
-obesity
-management of reproduction
-medical conditions/diseases
127
BCS in companion animals evaluates
Body fat on a score of 1-9 (4-5 being optimal)
128
Normal temperature of cats is
38.1-39.2 C
129
Normal temperature of dogs is
37.9 - 39.4 C
130
Normal heart rate of cats is
150 - 200 bpm
131
Normal heart rate of dogs is
60 - 120 bpm
132
Normal respiratory rate of cats is
20 - 30 bpm
133
Normal respiratory rate of dogs is
18 - 24 bpm
134
CRT stands for and should be
Capillary Refill Time ; <2 seconds
135
The physical exam should be preformed
Nose to tail
136
Core vaccines of dogs
-Distemper
-Hepatitis
-Parvovirus
-Rabies
137
Core vaccines of Cats are
-panleukopaenia virus
-herpesvirus
-calicivirus
-rabies
138
Ectoparasites include
-fleas
-ticks
-mites
139
Endoparasites include
-heartworm
-intestinal worms
140
Zoonotic intestinal worms are
-hookworm
-roundworm
141
Four types of intestinal worms include
-hookworm
-roundworm
-tapeworm
-whipworm (dogs only)
142
Three Federal Government Agencies that employ dogs are
-Biosecurity
-Australian Border Forces
-Australian Federal Police
143
The 3Rs of Animal Research
-Replace
-Reduce
-Refine
144
Welfare is
How an animal copes physically and mentally within its environment
145
Five Domains of Animal Welfare are
1. Nutrition
2. Environment
3. Health
4. Behaviour
5. Mental State
146
The Flehmen Response is used to detect ____ and NOT _____
Pheromones ; odours
