Comparison of Approaches

Question 1

Behaviourism - Scientific Methodology

Answer 1

Highly scientific (focus on observable stimuli)

Question 2

Behaviourism - Determinism

Answer 2

Hard environmental determinism (reward = repetition)

Question 3

Behaviourism - Nature vs Nurture

Answer 3

Nurture/Nature (Reward = repetition/innate reflexes)

Question 4

Behaviourism - Reductionism

Answer 4

Highly Reductionist (Stimulus-response)

Question 5

Behaviourism - Application to Treatment

Answer 5

Flooding, SD (counter-conditioning)

Question 6

Social Learning Theory - Scientific Methodology

Answer 6

Reasonably Scientific (IMPs vs experimental methods)

Question 7

Social Learning Theory - Determinism

Answer 7

Reciprocal Environmental Determinism (behaviour & environment affect each other)

Question 8

Social Learning Theory - Nature vs Nurture

Answer 8

Nurture (stimulus-response)

Question 9

Social Learning Theory - Reductionism

Answer 9

Less Reductionist (IMPs & ARRM)

Question 10

Social Learning Theory - Application to Treatment

Answer 10

Role Modelling in therapy

Question 11

Cognitive Psychology - Scientific Methodology

Answer 11

Not fully scientific (Controlled experiments vs IMPs)

Question 12

Cognitive Psychology - Determinism

Answer 12

Soft Determinism (Schema vs conscious effort)

Question 13

Cognitive Psychology - Nature vs Nurture

Answer 13

Nature/Nurture (IMPs vs schemas)

Question 14

Cognitive Psychology - Reductionism

Answer 14

Machine Reductionist (Computer CPU Model)

Question 15

Cognitive Psychology - Application to Treatment

Answer 15

CBT (irrational thoughts → reality testing)

Question 16

Biological Psychology - Scientific Methodology

Answer 16

Highly scientific (fMRI scanners, blood tests etc)

Question 17

Biological Psychology - Determinism

Answer 17

Hard Biological Determinism (hormones, genes etc)

Question 18

Biological Psychology - Nature vs Nurture

Answer 18

Nature (inheritance)

Question 19

Biological Psychology - Reductionism

Answer 19

Highly Reductionist (all down to chemical processes)

Question 20

Biological Psychology - Application to Treatment

Answer 20

Brain surgery, drug therapy (e.g. SSRIs)

Question 21

Psychodynamics - Scientific Methodology

Answer 21

Not scientific (inferences, lacks operationalisation)

Question 22

Psychodynamics - Determinism

Answer 22

Psychic Determinism (unconscious drives conscious)

Question 23

Psychodynamics - Nature vs Nurture

Answer 23

Nature/Nurture (Psychosexual shapes personality)

Question 24

Psychodynamics - Reductionism

Answer 24

Not Reductionist (Behaviour has a range of factors)

Question 25

Psychodynamics - Application to Treatment

Answer 25

Psychotherapy (introspection)

Question 26

Humanistic - Scientific Methodology

Answer 26

REJECT scientific (complex human behaviour idea)

Question 27

Humanistic - Determinism

Answer 27

Free will (agency, moral responsibility)

Question 28

Humanistic - Nature vs Nurture

Answer 28

Holists → Nature/Nurture (Behaviour has range of factors)

Question 29

Humanistic - Reductionism

Answer 29

AGAINST Reductionism (Must look at range of factors)

Question 30

Humanistic - Application to Treatment

Answer 30

Client-centred therapy (UPR, therapist only assists)