personal knowledge - must be something PERCEIVED (if not perceived, then out of court hearsay). perceptins can be limited as long as they actually perceived it.
present recollection - must testify from their present recollection and not some record
communication - witness must be able to relate perception eitherdirectly or through interpreter
sincerity - witness must take oath or make affirmation to tell truth
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Q
objections to forms of testimony
A
calls for narrative (long rambling)
unresponsive (evading)
usually no leading on direct
cross msust stay within scope of direct. leading okay on direct if adverse witness, hostile witness, witness neding help
assumes facts not in evidence (when did you stop beating wife when no evidecne on wife beating)