Comprehensive Medical Terminology Review Flashcards
(329 cards)
1
Q
A
2
Q
The medical term ____________________ describes any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus.
A
mycosis
3
Q
A/An ____________________ is a mature red blood cell.
A
erythrocyte
4
Q
The medical term ____________________ describes any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord.
A
myelopathy
5
Q
A/An ____________________ is the invasion of the body by a disease-producing organism.
A
infection
6
Q
The ____________________ are the bones of the fingers and toes.
A
phalanges
7
Q
The study of disorders of the newborn is known as ____________________.
A
neonatology
8
Q
Match each definition with the correct term: hypertension.
A
higher-than-normal blood pressure
9
Q
Match each definition with the correct term: hypotension.
A
lower-than-normal blood pressure
10
Q
Match each definition with the correct term: inflammation.
A
localized response to a tissue injury
11
Q
Match each definition with the correct term: laceration.
A
torn and jagged wound
12
Q
Match each definition with the correct term: lesion.
A
pathologic tissue change caused by disease or injury
13
Q
The rupture of a muscle is known as ____________________.
A
myorrhexis
14
Q
Match each definition with the correct word part: dys-.
A
bad, difficult, painful
15
Q
Match each definition with the correct word part: -itis.
A
inflammation
16
Q
Match each definition with the correct word part: -ostomy.
A
creation of an artificial opening
17
Q
Match each definition with the correct word part: -otomy.
A
surgical incision
18
Q
Match each definition with the correct word part: -sclerosis.
A
abnormal hardening
19
Q
The act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward is known as ____________________.
A
supination
20
Q
The medical term ____________________ describes any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus.
A
Mycosis
21
Q
A/An ____________________ is a mature red blood cell.
A
erythrocyte
22
Q
The medical term ____________________ describes any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord.
A
Myelopathy
23
Q
A/An ____________________ is the invasion of the body by a disease-producing organism.
Correct!
A
infection
24
Q
The ____________________ are the bones of the fingers and toes.
A
Phalanges
25
The study of disorders of the newborn is known as ____________________.q
Neonatology
26
hypertension
higher-than-normal blood pressure
27
hypotension
lower-than-normal blood pressure
28
inflammation
localized response to a tissue injury
29
laceration
torn and jagged wound
30
lesion
pathologic tissue change caused by disease or injury
31
The rupture of a muscle is known as ____________________.
Myorrhexis
32
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
33
-itis
inflammation
34
-ostomy
creation of an artificial opening
35
-otomy
surgical incision
36
-sclerosis
abnormal hardening
37
The act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward is known as ____________________.
supination
38
A/An ____________________ disorder is an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.
Congenital
39
____________________ transmission is the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that have been contaminated with blood.
blood borne
40
____________________ is the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
41
endemic
Ongoing presence of a disease within a population
42
epidemic
sudden outbreak of a disease
43
etiology
Study of the causes of diseases
44
histology
study of tissues
45
pandemic
outbreak of a disease over a large area
46
The medical term ____________________ means inflammation of the peritoneum.
peritonitis
47
The term ____________________ refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ.
ventral
48
The ____________________ contains primarily the major organs of digestion.
abdominal cavity
49
The term ____________________ means situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.
Proximial
50
The medical term ____________________ describes the abnormal softening of cartilage.
chondromalacia
51
The term ____________________ means originating within an individual.
autologous
52
comminuted fracture
broken bone that is splintered or crushed
53
compression fracture
broken bone that is pressed together on itself
54
open fracture
broken bone and an open wound
55
osteoclasis
surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity
56
pathologic fracture
bone breaks due to weakness caused by a disease process
57
A/An ____________________ is a specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the foot.
podiatrist
58
____________________ is the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.
crepitation
59
____________________ is an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs.
Polymyalgia rheumatica
60
The form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae is known as ____________________.
ankylosing spondylitis
61
An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum is known as ____________________.
costochondritis
62
A/An ____________________ surgeon is also known as an orthopedist.
orthopedic
63
The condition known as ____________________ is an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.
Osteomyelitis
64
A surgical incision into a tendon is known as ____________________.
tenotomy
65
The medical term ____________________ means pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle.
neuromuscular
66
A/An ____________________ is a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation.
physiatrist
67
A/An ____________________ is a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.
sphincter
68
Plantar ____________________ is an inflammation of the plantar fascia.
fasciitis
69
The quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles is known as ____________________.
myoclonus
70
Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow is known as ____________________.
epicondylitis
71
____________________ syndrome is a debilitating disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest.
Chronic fatigue
72
hemiparesis
slight paralysis of one side of the body
73
hemiplegia
total paralysis of one side of the body
74
myoparesis
slight paralysis of a muscle
75
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and lower body
76
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
77
bi
two
78
-cele
hernia
79
dys-
bad
80
fasci/o
fascia
81
fubr/o
fibrous connective tissue
82
The genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape, is known as ____________________ anemia.
sickle cell
83
The term ____________________ is used to describe all the diseases of the heart muscle.
Cardiomyopathy
84
The use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm is known as ____________________.
defibrillation
85
A/An ____________________ is a medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming.
anticoagulant
86
The hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaque is known as ____________________.
Atherosclerosis
87
____________________ hypotension is low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up.
Orthostatic
88
erythrocytes
mature red blood cells
89
hemoglobin
pigment that transports oxygen
90
leukemia
cancer characterized by abnormal leukocytes
91
leukocytes
white blood cells
92
leukopenia
abnormally low number of white blood cells
93
The term ____________________ means to stop or control bleeding.
hemostasis
94
____________________ tachycardia is a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles.
Ventricular
95
anemia
abnormally few red blood cells
96
aplastic anemia
absence of all formed blood elements
97
hemolytic anemia
inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to their premature destruction by the spleen
98
megaloblastic anemia
larger-than-normal red blood cells
99
pernicious anemia
lack of the protein required to absorb the vitamins necessary for the formation of red blood cells
100
The ____________________ is a group of large herpes-type viruses that cause a variety of diseases.
cytomegalovirus
101
A/An ____________________ is a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual.
allergen
102
The Epstein–Barr virus causes the condition known as ____________________.
infectious mononucleosis
103
The medical term for a pathogenic yeast infection that occurs on the skin or mucous membranes is ____________________.
candidiasis
104
A/An ____________________ infection is caused by a pathogen that normally does not cause disease unless the host is weakened by another condition.
opportunistic
105
The term ____________________ means to destroy worn-out red blood cells and to liberate hemoglobin.
hemolytic
106
The medical term for the condition commonly known as chickenpox is ____________________.
varicella
107
lymphangi/o
lymph vessel
108
neo-
new or strange
109
-oma
tumor
110
phag/o
eat, swallow
111
-plasm
formative material of cells
112
____________________, commonly known as AIDS, is the most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
113
A/An ____________________ is a medication that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response.
immunosuppressant
114
The diagnostic test ____________________ is also known as a sleep study.
polysomnography
115
Commonly known as a nosebleed, the medical term for this condition is ____________________.
epistaxis
116
A/An ____________________ is the accumulation of air in the pleural space.
pneumothorax
117
The visual examination of the bronchi with the use of a bronchoscope is known as ____________________.
bronchoscopy
118
A/An ____________________ is a medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing.
antitussive
119
bronch/o
bronchus
120
nas/o
nose
121
laryng/o
larynx
122
ox/o, ox/y
oxygen
123
pharyng/o
pharynx
124
Now largely prevented through immunization, ____________________ is an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract.
diphtheria
125
____________________ is a genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.
Cystic fibrosis
126
____________________ is the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway.
Endotracheal intubation
127
A/An ____________________ is a specialist in disorders of the head and neck.
otolaryngologist
128
The term ____________________ means the vomiting of blood.
hematemesis
129
The return of swallowed food into the mouth is known as ____________________.
regurgitation
130
The term ____________________ describes an abnormal, white lesion that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek.
leukoplakia
131
borborygmus
rumbling noise caused by intestinal gas
132
peptic ulcers
sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system
133
polyp
mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
134
hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
135
salmonellosis
intestinal infection caused by food contaminated with feces
136
A/An ____________________ is the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum.
gastroduodenostomy
137
The condition known as ____________________ is the lack of adequate saliva.
xerostomia
138
A/An ____________________ is a medication administered to prevent or stop vomiting.
antiemetic
139
A/An ____________________ test is a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools.
Hemoccult
140
The term ____________________ describes an inflammation of the small intestine.
enteritis
141
cholangitis
acute infection of the bile duct
142
colostomy
surgical creation of an opening between the colon and the body surface
143
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
144
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
145
cholelithiasis
the presence of gallstones
146
A/An ____________________ is a stone located in the ureter.
ureterolith
147
The type of nephritis that involves primarily the glomeruli is known as ____________________.
glomerulonephritis
148
____________________ is the destruction of kidney stones with the use of ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel.
Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
149
The medical term ____________________ means excessive urination during the night.
nocturia
150
diuresis
increased output of urine
151
enuresis
Involuntary discharge of urine
152
hydronephrosis
swelling of one or both kidneys
153
hyperproteinuria
abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
154
hypoproteinemia
abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood
155
____________________ is a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder.
Interstitial cystitis
156
The term ____________________ means excessive urination.
polyuria
157
The medical term ____________________ describes a congenital abnormality in which the urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis in m
hypospadias
158
____________________ is excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues.
Edema
159
nephrons c
functional units of each kidney
160
nephrolith
kidney stone
161
nephrolysis
freeing a kidney from adhesions
162
nephroptosis
prolapse of a kidney
163
nephropyosis
pus from the kidney
164
The disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures due to alcohol withdrawal is known as ____________________.
delirium tremens
165
____________________ disorders are mental conditions characterized by anxiety or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in the situation.
anxiety
166
_________________________ stress disorder is the development of characteristic symptoms after a traumatic event during which the patient felt intense fear, helplessness, or horror.
Post-traumatic
167
A radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium is known as ____________________.
myelography
168
The psychotic disorder characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, and hallucinations, as well as other disturbances, is known as ____________________.
schizophrenia
169
___________________ is an ultrasound study of the carotid artery to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke.
Carotid ultrasonography
170
A/An ____________________ stroke is damage that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures.
hemorrhagic
171
True or False
The condition that has been linked to giving aspirin to children suffering from viral infections is known as Reye’s syndrome.
True
172
excessive fear of heights
acrophobia
173
abnormal fear of enclosed spaces
claustrophobia
174
false personal belief despite evidence to the contrary
delusion
175
sight or sound not based on external stimulation
hallucination
176
sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain
seizure
177
The term ____________________ means inflammation of the brain.
encephalitis
178
____________________ is a group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure.
Glaucoma
179
A/An ____________________ is the partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids.
tarsorrhaphy
180
Excessive sensitivity to light is known as ____________________.
photophobia
181
The term ____________________ describes blindness in one half of the visual field.
hemianopia
182
The surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris is known as a/an ____________________.
iridectomy
183
The surgical removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth of the inner ear is known as a/an ____________________.
labyrinthectomy
184
Also known as nearsightedness, ____________________ is a defect in which light rays focus in front of the retina.
myopia
185
Also known as walleye, ____________________ is strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other.
Exotropia
186
The term ____________________ describes an inflammation of the iris.
Iritis
187
opt/o
eyes, vision
188
retin/o
retina
189
scler/o
hard, white of eye
190
trop/o
turn
191
tympan/o
eardrum
192
The medical term ____________________ describes a chronic condition that produces redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels.
rosacea
193
py/o
pus
194
dermat/o
skin
195
pil/o
hair
196
hidr/o
sweat
197
hirsut/o
hairy
198
A/An ____________________ is a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues.
hematoma
199
The term ____________________ means abnormal redness of the entire skin surface.
erythroderma
200
skinfold infection around a nail
paronychia
201
an infestation with lice
pediculosis
202
pinpoint hemorrhages smaller than 2 millimeter
petechiae
203
pruritus
itching
204
purulent
producing or containing pus
205
A/An ____________________ is a benign fatty tumor under the skin that causes a bump.
lipoma
206
The medical term ____________________ describes an ingrown toenail.
onychocryptosis
207
The term ____________________ is commonly known as baldness.
alopecia
208
widespread rash in children
exanthem
209
onychomycosis
a fungal infection of a nail
210
purpura
spontaneous bruises greater than 2 millimeters in diameter
211
scabies
an infestation with the itch mite
212
seborrhea
overproduction of sebum
213
____________________ is a potentially precancerous skin growth caused by excessive exposure to the sun.
Actinic keratosis
214
____________________ is a condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to the antidiuretic hormone.
Diabetes insipidus
215
T or F
Addison’s disease is a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone.
True
216
A/An ____________________ is the surgical removal of the thymus gland.
Thymectomy
217
acromegaly
abnormal enlargement of the extremities
218
cretinism
congenital form of hypothyroidism can cause arrested physical and mental development
219
gigantism
abnormal overgrowth of the body
220
progesterone
female hormone released during the menstrual cycle
221
prolactinoma
benign tumor of the pituitary gland
222
A/An ____________________ is a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands.
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
223
____________________ is the form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies.
Gestational diabetes mellitus
224
____________________ treatment is the oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells.
Radioactive iodine
225
T or F
Graves’disease is an autoimmune disorder that is a form of hyperthyroidism characterized by goiter, exophthalmos, or both.
True
226
The hormone ____________________ is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.
Oxytocin
227
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
228
poly-
many
229
somat/o
bpdy
230
thym/o
thymus gland
231
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland
232
____________________, which is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, is a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease.
Syphilis
233
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix
234
colostrum
specialized form of breast milk for the newborn
235
colpopexy
surgical fixation of the vagina to a surrounding structure
236
colporrhaphy
surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina
237
colposcopy
direct visual examination of the cervix and vagina
238
The medical term ____________________ describes the surgical procedure to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position.
mastopexy
239
The term ____________________ describes the production of breast milk in women who are not breastfeeding.
galactorrhea
240
____________________ is a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
Trichomoniasis
241
mast/o
breast
242
men/o
menstruation
243
orchid/o
testicle
244
ov/o
egg
245
-para
to give birth
246
A/An ____________________ score is an evaluation of a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.
apgar
247
The endoscopic surgery to move an undescended testicle into its normal position in the scrotum is known as a/an ____________________.
Orchiopexy
248
The term ____________________ describes the absence of sperm in the semen.
azoospermia
249
ovari/o
ovary
250
-pexy
surgical fixation
251
salping/o
fallopian tube
252
test/i , test/o
testicle
253
vagin/o
vagina
254
The term ____________________ means within the muscle.
intramuscular
255
The blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood is known as ____________________.
cyanosis
256
The medical term for an inflammation of the tonsils is ____________________.
Tonsillitis
257
The term ____________________ means lowermost, below, or toward the feet.
inferior
258
____________________ transmission is the spread of certain diseases due to the bite of an insect or animal.
vector-borne
259
The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment is known as ____________________.
homeostasis
260
The condition known as ____________________ is a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.
spondylosis
261
A/An ____________________ is the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint.
synovectomy
262
The form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae is known as ____________________.
ankylosing spondylitis
263
The surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to the bone is known as ____________________.
tenodesis
264
A/An ____________________ develops when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.
contracture
265
The protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it is known as a ____________________.
hernia
266
The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle is known as ____________________.
paralysis
267
267
angina
episodes of severe chest pain
267
arrhythmia
abnormal heart rhythm
267
bradycardia
abnormally slow heartbeat
267
cardiac arrest
sudden cessation of the heartbeat
267
tachycardia
abnormally rapid heartbeat
267
anemia
abnormally few red blood cells
267
aplastic anemia
absence of all formed blood elements
267
hemolytic anemia
inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to their premature destruction by the spleen
267
megaloblastic anemia
larger-than-normal red blood cells
267
The ____________________ is the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.
pericardium
267
A/An ____________________ is commonly known as a heart attack.
myocardial infarction
267
pernicious anemia
lack of the protein required to absorb the vitamins necessary for the formation of red blood cells
267
The Epstein–Barr virus causes the condition known as ____________________.
infectious mononucleosis
267
The treatment of disease either by stimulating or repressing the immune response is known as ____________________.
immunotherapy
267
A/An ____________________ is a medication that kills or damages cells.
cytotoxic drug
267
A/An ____________________ is a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue.
carcinom
268
The medical term ____________________ describes an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute.
tachypnea
269
Now largely prevented through immunization, ____________________ is an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract.
diphtheria
270
The term ____________________ describes the incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung because of shallow breathing or because the air passages are blocked.
Atelectasis
271
An excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi is known by the medical term ____________________.
bronchorrhea
272
____________________ is the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach.
Eructation
273
T or F
Crohn’s disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that is most often found in the ileum and in the colon.
True
274
The medical term ____________________ describes extreme, persistent vomiting.
Hyperemesis
275
In ____________________ the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from blood.
Peritoneal dialysis
276
The condition known as ____________________ is an inflammation of the urethra.
urethritis
277
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
278
cystocele
bladder hernia through the vaginal wall
279
cystolith
a stone in the urinary bladder
280
cystopexy
surgical fixation of the bladder
281
cystoscopy
direct visual examination of the bladder
282
A/An ____________________ headache is characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head.
migrane
283
____________________ is a disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord which causes pain and loss of sensation in the arms and legs.
Peripheral neuropathy
284
_________________________ syndrome is characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that can lead to temporary paralysis.
Guillain-Barre
285
ophthalm/o
eye, vision
286
-opia
vision condition
287
presby/o
old age
288
ot/o
ear
289
phak/o
lens
290
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
291
otomycosis
fungal infection of the auditory canal
292
otopyorrhea
flow of pus from the ear
293
otorrhea
any discharge from the ear
294
otosclerosis
ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear
295
____________________ is the drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis.
ptosis
296
Excessive sensitivity to light is known as ____________________.
photophobia
297
The term ____________________, also known as ringworm, is a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails.
tinea
298
exanthem
widespread rash in children
299
onychomycosis
a fungal infection of a nail
300
purpura
spontaneous bruises greater than 2 millimeters in diameter
301
scabies
an infestation with the itch mite
302
seborrhea
overproduction of sebum
303
The term ____________________ means abnormal redness of the entire skin surface.
erythroderma
304
____________________ is a potentially precancerous skin growth caused by excessive exposure to the sun.
Actinic keratosis
305
T or F
Graves’disease is an autoimmune disorder that is a form of hyperthyroidism characterized by goiter, exophthalmos, or both.
True
306
A condition marked by the excessive secretion of insulin is known as _________________________.
hyperinsulinism
307
T or F
Conn’s syndrome is a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone.
True
308
The ____________________ hormone stimulates ovulation in the female. In the male, it stimulates the secretion of testosterone.
luteinizing
309
The endoscopic surgery to move an undescended testicle into its normal position in the scrotum is known as a/an ____________________.
orchiopexy
310
____________________ is the condition in which the uterus sags into the vagina.
Uterine prolapse
311
mast/o
breast
312
men/o
Menstruation
313
The medical term ____________________ describes excessive uterine bleeding occurring both during the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals.
menometrorrhagia
