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Chimie > Compusi carbonilici > Flashcards

Compusi carbonilici Flashcards

1
Q

formula glioxal

A

etandial

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2
Q

formula diacetil

A

butandiona

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3
Q

denumiri pentru grupa -COH

A

carbaldehida, formil

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4
Q

ce fel de izomeri sunt aldehidele si cetonele

A

de functiune

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5
Q

conditii oxidarea metanului la formaldehida

A

oxizi de azot la 400-600 de grade

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6
Q

cum se obtin compusi carbonilici din alchine disubstituite?

A

prin oxidare blanda cu reactiv Bayern => dicetone

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7
Q

cum se obtin compusi carbonilici din arene?

A

se oxideaza C benzilic cu anhidrida cromica (CrO3), K2Cr2O7 si acid acetic sau aer cu Mn sau Co

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8
Q

reactie compus carbonilic + HCN

A

cianhidrina (OH si C=-N legate de acelasi carbon)

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9
Q

reactie compus carbonilic + HX + proprietate produs

A

halohidrine (OH si X legate de acelasi carbon) - reactiv si instabil

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10
Q

aditie alcooli la compusi carbonilici

A

aldehida + alcool => semiacetal (instabil) + alcool => acetal

cetona + alcool => semicetal (instabil) + alcool => cetal

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11
Q

formula aldehida metocrilica

A

aldehida acrilica + CH3 in pozitia 2

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12
Q

serie de reactivitate compusi carbonilici

A

formaldehida > R-CHO > Ar-CHO > acetona > R-CO-Ar . Ar-CO-Ar

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13
Q

in ce conditii sunt aldolii si cetolii stabil si ce se intampla cu ei dupa?

A

la temp camerei, la 100 de grade se deshidrateaza

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14
Q

ce compusi se pot condensa cu fenolul

A

inferiori (metanal, etanal, propanona)

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15
Q

cum se face novolacul?

A

condensare fenol si formaldehida in mediu acid, la rece

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16
Q

proprietati novolac

A

solid
termoplast
punct de inmuiere intre 90-120 grade
structura liniara
solubil in alcool

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17
Q

cum se formeaza rezolul

A

novolac in exces de formaldehida si la temperatura

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18
Q

cum se formeaza bachelita C / rezita

A

condensare fenol si formaldehida in mediu bazic, la rece, in exces de formaldehida, dupa incalzire la 150 de grade

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19
Q

proprietati bachelita C / rezita

A

solid
termorigid
peste 300 de grade se carbonizeaza direct
nu este solubila in nimic
structura tridimensionala
rezistenta mecanica si chimica mare
culoare galben-bruna

20
Q

proprietate aldehidele aromatice in relatie cu procesul de oxidare

A

nu se vor oxida cu Fheling!

21
Q

cu ce se pot oxida aldehidele

A

KMnO4 / H2SO4 / H2O, HO-
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
Tollens
Fheling
apa de Br sau Cl
autooxidare

22
Q

proces de autooxidare la aldehide

A

aldehida + O2 => peracid (acid carboxilic cu un O inainte de OH) + aldehida => 2 acizi carboxilici

23
Q

surse de compusi carbonilici

A

limete, mere, samburi de migdale, flori exotice

24
Q

stare de agregare

A

formaldehida este gaz, restul sunt lichide sau solide

25
Q

ce tip de legaturi se fac intre molec de comp carbonilici

A

dipol-dipol

26
Q

solubilitate (acetofenona)

A

primii termeni sunt solubili in apa, termenii superiori, cu mai mult de 6 atomi de C, au solubilitate aproape nula (acetofenona e insolubila!), formeaza cu solventi protici leg de H

27
Q

miros metanal, etanal, benzaldehida

A

metanal - puternic, intepator, sufocant
etanal - mere verzi, neplacut in concentratie mare
benzaldehida - migdale amare

28
Q

stare de agregare benzaldehida

A

lichid

29
Q

conditii de reactie condensarea aldolica

A

reversibila, la temperatura obisnuita, catalizata de acizi sau baze

30
Q

conditii de condensare crotonica

A

ireversibila, la incalzire, catalizata de acizi sau baze

31
Q

de unde vine denumirea de aldol

A

condensarea a 2 molec de aldehida acetica

32
Q

de unde vine denumirea de condensare crotonica

A

de la condesnsarea a 2 molec de aldehida acetica => aldehida crotonica

33
Q

particularitate condensare aldehide aromatice

A

produsul aldolic nu poate fi izolat, se obtin direct cei crotonici

34
Q

utilizari novolac

A

vopsea antocoroziva
lac electroizolant
materiale pentru protectia pardoselii
crose de golf

35
Q

utilizari bachelita

A

electroizolant
bratari
veioze
carcase pentru telefoane mobile

36
Q

utilizari formaldehida

A

conservarea pieselor anatomice si in pielarie deoarece face ca proteinele sa nu mai putrezeasca

ca formol este utilizat ca dezinfectant

formare de rasini sintetice (bachelita)

37
Q

utilizari benzaldehida

A

coloranti, cosmetica, farmaceutice

38
Q

utilizari acetona

A

dizolvant acetilena, lacuri, vopsele, matase artificiala, lacuri de acetat de celuloza, nitroceluloza

obtinerea plexiglasului

39
Q

formula acroleina

A

aldehida acidului acrilic

40
Q

aditia apei in cataliza kucerov la CH2=CH-C=_CH

A

rezulta CH2=CH-CO-CH3

41
Q

oxidarea antracenului conditii si produs

A

K2Cr2O7 + acid acetic

9, 10 - antrachinona (2 grupe cetona pe nucleul din mijloc, sus si jos)

42
Q

reactia K2Cr2O7 + CH3COOH

A

K2Cr2O7 + 8CH3COOH => 2(CH3COOH)K + 2(CH3COO)3Cr + 4H2O + 3[O]

43
Q

oxidarea cetonelor ciclice

A

diacid cu acelasi numar de carboni

44
Q

nume pentru condensare intre 2 molecule diferite

A

condensare incrucisata, mixta

45
Q

in ce cataliza se face consensarea cetonelor si de ce?

A

in cataliza acida deoarece in cataliza bazica se destructureaza produsul de condensare aldolica

Chimie (17 decks)

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