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Intro To IT > Computer Hardware > Flashcards

Computer Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

What is responsible for processing all information from programs run in your computer?

A

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

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2
Q

The speed at which your processor processes information is measured in what?

A

Gigahertz (GHz)

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3
Q

What hardware is found in the memory slots of the motherboard?

A

Random-Access Memory (RAM)

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4
Q

What is responsible for temporary storing information created by programs and to do so in a way that makes data easily accessible?

A

RAM

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5
Q

Rendering images, editing video and multitasking with multiple applications use what?

A

RAM

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6
Q

What device is responsible for storing permanent and temporary data?

A

Hard drive

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7
Q

What are the two different types of hard drives?

A

Traditional Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Solid State Drives (SSD)

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8
Q

What works by writing binary data onto a spinning magnetic disks?

A

Traditional hard disk drive(HDD)

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9
Q

The magnetic disks that spin in a hard disk drive are called what?

A

Platters

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10
Q

What type of disk drive works by storing data using static flash memory chips?

A

Solid-state drives

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11
Q

What is important for 3D rendering and pro huge batches of graphic data?

A

Graphics Processor Unit(GPU)

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12
Q

Computer graphic cards have at least one what?

A

GPU

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13
Q

Dedicated graphics cards interface with the motherboard using what?

A

An expansion slot

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14
Q

The what is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector at the motherboard to add functionality to a computer system

A

Expansion card, expansion board, or accessory card

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15
Q

The what is a computer that moves information between the internal hardware and peripheral devices?

A

Expansion Bus

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16
Q

Generally, computer hardware contains what three major components?

A

1) central processing unit
2) storage
3) peripheral devices

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17
Q

What hardware supports data processing?

A

CPU

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18
Q

What hardware stores ephemeral programs and data for quick access in RAM?

A

Computer Memory

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19
Q

What hardware supports input and output operations of the computer?

A

Peripheral devices

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20
Q

What is another name for the IPOS model of computing?

A

Vonn Neumann Architecture

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21
Q

What is the electronic circuit responsible for executing computer program instructions?

A

CPU

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22
Q

The CPU consists of what three parts?

A

1) Arithmetic unit
2) control unit
3) processor register

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23
Q

What cpu part contains circuitry that performs operations on data?

A

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

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24
Q

Which part of the cpu contains circuitry coordinating the machine’s activity?

A

Control unit

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25
Q

What part of the CPU contains data storage cells called registers?

A

Processor register

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26
Q

What are the high-speed storage areas in the CPU called?

A

Registers

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27
Q

All data must be stored in a what in the CPU that serves as a temporary holding place while the data is being manipulated, holds the input of the ALU and stores the results?

A

Registers

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28
Q

To perform an operation on data stored in the main memory, the what transfers data from the main memory into the registers, informs the ALU which register holds the data, activates the ALU and tells which register should receive the results?

A

Control Unit

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29
Q

What register holds the memory location of data that needs to be accessed?

A

Memory Address Register

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30
Q

What register holds the data that is being transferred to or from the memory?

A

Memory data register (MDR)

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31
Q

What register holds the ALU results?

A

Accumulator(AC)

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32
Q

What register holds the address of the next program instruction to be executed?

A

Program Counter (PC)

33
Q

What register holds the current instruction during processing?

A

Current Instruction Register (CRI)

34
Q

What memory unit is sometimes referred to as primary or main memory?

A

RAM

35
Q

What type of memory is known as secondary?

A

Hard drive

36
Q

What is the term for how the data stored in RAM is lost when the computer is powered off?

A

Ephemeral

37
Q

RAM is split into what that consist of an address and contents in binary form?

A

Partition

38
Q

The RAM blank uniquely identifies the every location in the memory?

A

Address

39
Q

In addition to RAM, what type of memory stores instructions for crucial system activities, including booting up the system and initializing different computer components?

A

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

40
Q

What is the term for various units that support the input and output functions of the unit?

A

Peripheral devices

41
Q

What is the term for the wires that serve as electrical roadways, transmitting information between the CPU and other components?

A

Buses or bus lines

42
Q

The size of the what is related to the amount of data that can be transmitted at once?

A

Buses

43
Q

Instructions are sent through what to the CPU and include how to process data and which components to use?

A

Bus lines

44
Q

What are the three different types of buses?

A

1) address buses
2) data buses
3) control buses

45
Q

Which bus carries the destination address where the data is assigned to process?

A

Address buses

46
Q

Which bus carries the data between the processor, the memory unit and the input/output devices?

A

Data buses

47
Q

Which bus carries control commands from the CPU controls and coordinates all activities within the computer system?

A

Control buses

48
Q

What are the three names for the unit that encases various components like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, power supply and other internally installed components?

A

System unit, tower, or chassis

49
Q

What is the name for the main circuit board for the computer containing soldered components that cannot be removed and sockets or slots for components that can be removed?

A

Motherboard

50
Q

What type is storage is volatile, meaning it can be lost when powered down?

A

RAM

51
Q

What type of storage is nonvolatile meaning it keeps the content whether the system is on or off?

A

ROM

52
Q

What is the brain of the computer?

A

CPU

53
Q

What sends out a pulse of electricity at regular intervals in order to operate the electronic components?

A

System clock

54
Q

System speed is measured in what two measurement?

A

Megahertz and gigahertz

55
Q

What unit of measurement converts to millions of pulses per seconds?

A

Megahertz

56
Q

What measurement converts to billions of pulses per second?

A

Gigahertz

57
Q

What is the term for sockets on the motherboard where expansion cards can be installed?

A

Expansion slots

58
Q

What is the term for sockets that allow cables to be plugged in without opening the system?

A

Ports

59
Q

What does USB stand for?

A

Universal Serial Bus

60
Q

What type of storage holds data and information permanently?

A

Secondary storage

61
Q

Floppy, hard drives, magnetic tape, and optical discs are examples of what?

A

Secondary storage

62
Q

What is the smallest unit of storage that is set to 0 or 1?

A

Bit

63
Q

A group of 8 bits forms a what?

A

Byte

64
Q

Computer storage is often measured in what three measurements?

A

Megabytes (mb), gigabytes (gb), and terabytes (tb)

65
Q

A medium sized novel contains about what size of memory?

A

1 mb

66
Q

1 gigabyte is how many megabytes

A

1024

67
Q

1 terabyte is how many gigabytes

A

1024

68
Q

1 petabyte is how many terabytes

A

1024

69
Q

What type of devices translate data into a form that the computer can understand?

A

Input devices

70
Q

Mouses and trackballs are called what kind of devices?

A

Pointing devices

71
Q

What type of devices allow a computer to send and receive data to and from other computers?

A

Communication devices

72
Q

What sends information over a phone line or coaxial cable?

A

Modems

73
Q

What sends information over dedicated network cables?

A

Network card

74
Q

What are the four types of computers?

A

Supercomputers
Mainframe computers
Workstation
Microcomputer

75
Q

What is the biggest and fastest computers designed to process huge amounts of data ?

A

Supercomputers

76
Q

What type of computers are designed to support hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously?

A

Mainframe computers

77
Q

What type of computer is designed for a single-user that generally performs a specific job with great expertise?

A

Workstation

78
Q

What type of computer is more commonly known as a personal computer?

A

Microcomputer

Intro To IT (10 decks)

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