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Intro To IT > History Of IT > Flashcards

History Of IT Flashcards

1
Q

What was one of the first ever stored programs that became operational in 1948?

A

Manchester Mark I

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2
Q

What company sold 450 of its first mass produced computer in one year in 1954?

A

IBM

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3
Q

In 1956, what was introduced to replace punched cards and paper tape input?

A

Direct keyboard input

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4
Q

In 1958 what large scale communication network connected 23 computer sites in the US and Canada to detect and destroy Soviet bombers?

A

SAGE

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5
Q

In 1960 what computer system that inspired first computer video game Space War I retailed for around 120,000?

A

DEC-PDP 1

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6
Q

In 1968, Data General introduced what microcomputer chip and how much memory did it have?

A

Nova, 32 kb memory

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7
Q

In 1971 Intel introduced what that could address 64 JB?

A

The 8080 microprocessor

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8
Q

In 1976, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs ordered 50 assembled systems of what?

A

Apple-1

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9
Q

In 1977 what was sold with keyboard, case, manual game paddles and cassette tape containing the game Breakout?

A

Apple II

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10
Q

In 1978, who launches Model 400 and Model 800 computers using the marketing slogan “computers for People”

A

Atari

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11
Q

In 1981 what Microsoft operating system became the most licensed operating system?

A

MS-DOS

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12
Q

In 1981, what did Sony introduce?

A

The 3 1/2 inch floppy drive and diskettes

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13
Q

In 1981, what company launches a PC with Intel 8088 microprocessor and MS-DOS operating system?

A

IBM

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14
Q

In 1982-1983 what was developed by Philips that was able to hold 550 mb of prerecorded data?

A

CD Roms

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15
Q

In 1984 what did Apple launch with the first successful mouse-driven computer with a GUI and a 6800 microprocessor?

A

MacIntosh

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16
Q

In 1984. who released a portable computer that could run the same software as the IBM PC?

A

Compaq

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17
Q

In 1986, Compaq introduced the first computer to use what 32 bit microprocessor?

A

Intel 80386 chip

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18
Q

In 1990-1991, who invented the World Wide Web at CERN in Switzerland?

A

Tim Berners-Lee

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19
Q

In 1990-1991, Microsoft delivers what that provided the ability to run multiple programs simultaneously on the Intel 80386 chip?

A

Windows 3.0

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20
Q

In 1992, what created a set of standards for digital images?

A

JPEG( Joint Photographic Expert Group)

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21
Q

In 1993, what first popular browser was created?

A

Mosaic

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22
Q

In 1994 Compact Flash memory is introduced by who?

A

ScanDisk

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23
Q

In 1994, Sony released what?

A

Playstation

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24
Q

In 1997, what did IBMs computer do?

A

Defeat a world champion chess player

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25
Q

What became the norm in the late 90s aided by mobile devices like Blackberry and Nokia 6110?

A

Text messaging

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26
Q

In 2000, what two things were first introduced?

A

Camera phone and Flash Drive

27
Q

In 2000, what did Honda introduce?

A

The first humanoid robot ASIMO

28
Q

In 2006, what rental cloud based service was launched?

A

AWS

29
Q

In 2007, what two things were released by Amazon and Apple?

A

Amazon Kindle and IPhone

30
Q

In 2010, what two things did Apple release?

A

IPAD and Apple Retina display

31
Q

In 2011 what two subscriptions services were announced?

A

Adobe Creative Cloud and Microsoft Office 365

32
Q

In 2012 what smalll, single board computer was released as a tool to promote science ed?

A

Raspberry PC

33
Q

In 2014 what did Apple introduce into their ecosystem?

A

Apple Pay mobile payment

34
Q

In 2015, what was released that incorporated Apple IOS with sensors for environmental and health monitoring?

A

Apple Watch

35
Q

In 2019 Oculus released what with a 2560 x 1440 LCD and one more camera facing upward?

A

Oculus Rift S

36
Q

What was one of the earliest computing devices that was probably first used in China which consisted of strings on rods and was used to carry out calculations?

A

Abacus

37
Q

What computing system emerged between the Middle Ages and the modern era that used gears For input and output of data?

A

The Leibniz Machine

38
Q

What was never constructed but was designed to read instructions in the form of holes on paper cards which would be programmable?

A

Babbage’s Analytical Engine

39
Q

Who is considered the world’s first programmer?

A

Ada Lovelace

40
Q

What machine developed at Penn State was a fully electronic machine?

A

The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC)

41
Q

Processing power blanks every two years.

A

Doubles

42
Q

Wozniak and Jobs built the first viable what in 1976

A

Home computer

43
Q

First-generation computers used what for circuitry and what for memory?

A

Vacuum tubes
Magnetic drums

44
Q

The first generation of computers relied on what to run one program at a time

A

Machine languages

45
Q

What did the first generation of computers use for input and outputs?

A

Punch cards
Print outs

46
Q

What replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers?

A

Transistors

47
Q

What did the second generation of computers use for input and output?

A

Punch cards
Printouts

48
Q

What were used for storage in the second generation of computers?

A

Tapes and disks

49
Q

Over 100 what were developed to work with second generation computers?

A

Computer programming languages

50
Q

What replaced machine language in the second generation of computers that specified instructions using words?

A

Assembly languages

51
Q

Name two high-level programming languages developed for the second generation of computers

A

FORTRAN (formula translation)
COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language)

52
Q

The invention of what enabled the development of the third generation of computers that were cheaper m, faster, and smaller than their predecessors

A

Integrated circuits

53
Q

Integrated circuits miniaturized transistors and placed them on silicon chips called what?

A

Semiconductors

54
Q

Blank made it possible for computers to run multiple applications at the same time and to share memory and other resources?

A

Operating Systems

55
Q

In the third generation of computers, computational time was reduced from milliseconds to what?

A

Nanoseconds

56
Q

Fourth generation computers included what that were thousands of integrated circuits on a single silicon chip?

A

Microprocessors

57
Q

In 1971 what chip included all the components of the computer on a single chip?

A

Intel 4004

58
Q

The fourth generation of computers saw the development of what three things?

A

Graphical Users Interfaces (GUIs)
The mouse
Handheld devices

59
Q

The fifth generation of computers started in the 1980s when microprocessors were able to accommodate tens of millions of electronic components using what?

A

Ultra-Large-Scale Integration (ULSI)

60
Q

Fifth generation computers use what two things to support new technological developments?

A

Parallel Processing
Artificial Intelligence software

61
Q

Fifth generation computers will be able to respond natural language and will be capable of what?

A

Learning

62
Q

What is the study of non-classical model of computation, said to be more efficient than modern computing through the use of quantum tunneling?

A

Quantum computing

63
Q

What involves the use of nanoscale tools and nonbiological processes to build structures, devices and systems at the molecular level?

A

Nanotechnology

Intro To IT (10 decks)

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