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EOY Revision > Computing EOY > Flashcards

Computing EOY Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What is Computational thinking?

A

a way of thinking
to solve problems
and express the solutions in such a way that a computer can carry them out

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2
Q

What is the Computational thinking cycle?

A

Analyse Problem —> Find Idea —-> Figure Out Algorithm —> Try Algorithm —> Evaluate Results —> NEW PROBLEM
And the cycle begins again

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3
Q

How many Key Computational Thinking Skills are there

A

4
Decomposition
Pattern Recognition
Abstraction
Algorithm Design

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4
Q

What is Decomposition?

A

Often big problems are just lots of little problems stuck together. Decomposition is about breaking big, difficult problems down into a series of smaller, easier problems

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5
Q

What is Pattern Recognition?

A

You may spot similarities between smaller problems. These may help you find shortcuts or make useful predictions. These are called pattern and being able to spot them will help to make you a good computer scientist

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6
Q

What is Abstraction?

A

To help us solve difficult problems, we ignore irrelevant detail. By doing so, we can generalise our solution to solve other similar problems in future. Another word for this is generalisation

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7
Q

What is Algorithm Design?

A

This is when we convert or solution into a sequence of precise, step-by-step instructions that a computer or other people can use to solve the same problem

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8
Q

What is an algorithm?

A

An algorithm is a sequence of instructions that is not specific to a particular programming language (it is generalised)

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9
Q

How does an algorithm become a program?

A

When an algorithm is translated into a specific programming language it becomes a program.

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10
Q

Flowchart symbols

A

OVAL - Represents the start or end of the algorithm. Your flowcharts should include both
—> - Represents the direction of flow in the algorithm
RECTANGLE - Represents a process or instruction being carried out
DIAMOND - Represents a decision being made. The question must result in yes/no (true/false) answers
PARALLELOGRAM - Represents an input or output into the algorithm

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11
Q

What is sequence?

A

The order of steps in the algorithm

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12
Q

What is a variable?

A

Computer programs use variables. A variable is a named containers for a piece of data. Variables are used to store
¬ data ready to be processed
¬ the result of processing

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13
Q

What is selection?

A

In programming, decision making is referred to as selection

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14
Q

What is iteration?

A

Computers are extremely useful for doing repetitive tasks and are able to do them extremely quickly. Carrying out a set of instructions repeatedly is called iteration (it also known as looping or repetition)
Instructions are repeated a set number of times, or until some condition is met.

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15
Q

Who invented the World Wide Web?

A

Sir Tim Berners-Lee

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16
Q

What is the World Wide Web?

A

The World Wide Web is a collection of websites and web pages which are accessed through the internet
Users navigate to different web pages using hyperlinks. Web pages can contain information such as text, images and video

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17
Q

Where are web pages and websites stored?

A

There is no central location for websites and webpages. They are stored on web servers located all around the world

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18
Q

What is a web page?

A

A web page is a single page on the WWW

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19
Q

What is a collection of webpages?

A

A collection of web pages is called a website

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20
Q

How do you access websites?

A

Via a web browser like google chrome or safari

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21
Q

What can web pages contain?

A

Images, text, videos, audio and hyperlinks

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22
Q

What are hyperlinks?

A

Hyperlinks are the things you click to take you to another page or website. They are sometimes underlined text, an image or a button to click

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23
Q

What does HTML stand for?

A

HyperText Markup Language

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24
Q

What is HTML?

A

The standard language for web page creation. It describes the content in web pages not the appearance. This means that different devices can display the content differently

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25
What are Open and Close tags?
Each type of content on a html page has a start and end tag: The tags look similar, but the end tag has a `/`
26
What goes between `h1` tags?

Large heading go between "h1" tags

27
What goes between `p` tags?

a paragraph of text goes between "p" tags

28
Can tags go within other tags?
YES FOR EXAMPLE:

This is a paragraph with some emphasised text

29
What is CSS?
Cascading Style Sheets. They are used to describe the style, colours and layout of web pages
30
What can CSS be used to change?
The style of an entire website a single web page a section of a webpage defined by a
tag or a single occurrence of an element
31
What is Internal CSS?
Embedded styles defined within

SEE AMAZING SCENERY

36
What is the
tag?
It is used to style a section of a web page. It is often used to put parts of a web page into a box
37
What is padding?
Padding is the gap between the content and the inside of the border BOXES can have a border
38
What is the margin?
The margin is the gap between the outside of the border and any other content on the page. BOXES can have a border
39
Why are widths set as percentages?
Websites are viewed on different size screens. Webpages must automatically adjust to fit When using percentages the page looks the same even when resized
40
What tags can you use to give links to external sites?
tags The full URL will need to be given
41
What is the HTML for adding an image?
42
What do you need to do to add an image?
You need to make sure you have downloaded it as a PNG or JPG/JPEG file
43
What does the float style do?
Allows text to wrap around images
46
What is the internet?
A group of INTER-connected NETworks
47
WORLD WIDE WEB
A collection of web pages Stored on computers all over the world Accessed via the internet NO central storage NO owner
48
What is a URL?
a URL is a web address All web addresses are unique
49
DOMAIN NAMES
.uk = based in United Kingdom .es = signifies Spain .fr = France .de = for Germany .cz = for Czech Republic .com = short for commercial, (originally meant for businesses) .org = organisations, associated with non-profits, charities .gov = a website operated by a government organisation .edu = belongs to an institute of higher education (uni or college)
50
What is HTTP?
HyperText Transfer Protocol
51
What is a protocol?
a protocol is a set of rules
52
What does HTTP do?
Defines the rules used by web browsers and servers to exchange information. If everyone follows the same rules everything works
53
What are Data Packets and how do they work?
Data transmitted over the Internet is broken down into smaller chunks or packets to be sent. The destination and sender addresses are added. Each packet is numbered, sent separately and then put together in the right order again at the end.
54
IP addressing 83.170.121.1
Like every front door in the world, each device that connects to a network has a separate unique address. Data can be sent to these addresses to request or display a webpage for example
55
What is DNS
Domain Name Server
56
What does a DNS do?
A DNS converts a web address or URL into the correct IP address for the computer that the computer that the website sits on
57
The History of Connectivity?
The first cable, 2500 miles long, was laid across the Atlantic in 1858 after many difficulties including storms and cable breakages. For each mile of cable, 133 miles of copper and cale breakages. Total weight was one ton per mile
58
WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY
Must be close to a WiFi hotspot or router Slower than a wired connection Interference from walls and furniture Greater security risk No need to be physically connected Can connect mobile devices
59
What is BANDWIDTH
The amount of data that can be carried at a time
60
What are connection speeds measured in?
Measure in Mbps (Megabits per second)
61
What's faster Upload or Download Speed?
Download speeds are generally faster than upload speeds due to way internet service providers (ISPs) allocate bandwidth
62
What is Broadband?
A high-speed connection to the internet that has superseded the use of dial-up connections
63
What is used in modern cables?
Fibre optic cable is used in modern cables with up to 1,000 fibres in a single cable. Potential bandwidth terabytes per second
64
How do you calculate download speed?
https://classroom.google.com/c/NzA5NjkyNzUxMDI5/m/Nzg0MjI3MTU0NTg0/details

EOY Revision (10 decks)

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