Concep To Birth

Question 1

When does the study of development begin?

Answer 1

At the moment of conception

This emphasizes that human development starts with fertilization.

Question 2

What is the first form of life formed at conception?

Answer 2

Zygote

Question 3

How many chromosomes are arranged in pairs in humans?

Answer 3

23 pairs

Question 4

What is a gene?

Answer 4

The genetic makeup of an organism

Question 5

Define genotype.

Answer 5

The genetic makeup of an organism

Question 6

Define phenotype.

Answer 6

The observable physical traits

Question 7

What is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)?

Answer 7

A change in the single nucleotide of a genome; also a type of mutation

Question 8

What does independent assortment refer to?

Answer 8

How different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

Question 9

What are dominant genes?

Answer 9

Genes that will always be expressed if present

Question 10

What are recessive genes?

Answer 10

Genes that will not be expressed unless they are in a pair

Question 11

What are sex-linked traits?

Answer 11

Traits linked to the X or Y chromosomes, usually recessive and carried on the X chromosome

Question 12

True or False: 50% of fertilized eggs are lost before a woman finds out she’s pregnant.

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

What are the three stages of development from zygote to human?

Answer 13

• Germinal period
• Embryonic period
• Fetal period

Question 14

What occurs during the germinal period?

Answer 14

The first two weeks, from fertilization to implantation

Question 15

What happens during the embryonic period?

Answer 15

Major organs and anatomical structures begin to form

Question 16

What is gastrulation?

Answer 16

The process where the inner cell mass forms 3 germ layers that will become all tissues

Question 17

What are the primary germ layers?

Answer 17

• Ectoderm
• Mesoderm
• Endoderm

Question 18

True or False: Approximately 20% of all embryos are aborted spontaneously.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

What is the placenta?

Answer 19

A mass of tissue attached to the uterine wall that acts as a life-support system for the fetus

Question 20

What are the functions of the placenta?

Answer 20

• Diffusion of oxygen and nutrients
• Secretion of hormones

Question 21

At what week does the brain begin to grow dramatically?

Answer 21

Week 9

Question 22

What is quickening?

Answer 22

When the baby begins to swallow and kick

Question 23

True or False: Fetuses can develop sight very early in the womb.

Answer 23

FALSE

Question 24

What are teratogens?

Answer 24

Drugs, chemicals, or infections that can cause abnormal fetal development

Question 25

What is the viability of a fetus at 23 weeks gestation?

Answer 25

20-35% survival

Question 26

What are short-term complications of prematurity?

Answer 26

* Breathing issues * Heart problems * Temperature instability * Gastrointestinal problems * Brain problems * Blood problems * Metabolic issues * Immune system disorders

Question 27

What are long-term complications of prematurity?

Answer 27

* Cerebral Palsy * Impaired cognitive skills * Vision problems * Hearing problems * Dental problems * Behavioral and psychological problems * Chronic health issues * SUDI

Question 28

What factors can influence prenatal development?

Answer 28

* Nutrition * Anxiety * Mother’s general health * Maternal age * Teratogens * Disease * Smoking * Alcohol and Drug use * Health issues during pregnancy

Question 29

What is Chorionic Villus Sampling?

Answer 29

A diagnostic test carried out between 10-12 weeks gestation to test chorionic villus tissue

Question 30

What are neural tube defects?

Answer 30

Serious abnormalities in the development of the brain and spinal cord

Question 31

What is amniocentesis?

Answer 31

A test performed during weeks 15-16 of pregnancy to detect Down Syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities

Question 32

What is the APGAR score?

Answer 32

A scoring system used to assess the health of newborns

Question 33

True or False: The fetus can feel pain.

Answer 33

TRUE