CONCEPTOS BÁSICOS Flashcards

1
Q

Un nucleótido se forma por:

A

1 base nitrogenada
1 pentosa
1 fosfato

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2
Q

Tipos de bases nitrogenadas:

A

Pirimidinas y purinas

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3
Q

Primidinas (3):

A

Citosina
Timina
Uracilo

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4
Q

Purinas:

A

Adenina
Guanina

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5
Q

¿Cómo se forma un nucleósido?

A

Pentosa + base nitrogenada

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6
Q

Formas libres de nucleósidos trifosfatos:

A

ATP y GTP

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7
Q

Une la pentosa con la base nitrogenada:

A

Enlace N-glucosídico

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8
Q

Une el fosfato y la pentosa:

A

Enlace éster

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9
Q

En ADN como son los enlaces

TAGC

A

G- - - C
T - - A

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10
Q

Carga de ADN y ARN:

A

negativa

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11
Q

ADN a ARN =

A

transcripción

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12
Q

ARN a proteína =

A

traducción

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13
Q

ADN a ADN =

A

Replicación

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14
Q

Es más abundante ADN/ARN:

A

ARN

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15
Q

Características de ARNm:

A
  • Lineal
  • 1 caperuza
  • 1 cola de poliadeninas
  • 1 copia del ADN
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16
Q

Características ARNt:

A
  • Se autocomplementa
  • Forma estructuras de bucles
  • Lleva el anticodón
17
Q

ARN ribosomal subunidades:

A
  • 5S, 5.8S, 28S
  • 18S
18
Q

Sitios del ARNr:

A
  • A=aceptación
  • P=enlace peptídico
  • E= sale ARNt sin aa
19
Q

unidades de condensación en orden:

A

nucleosoma
comatosoma
30 nm
300 nm
700 nm
coromosomas mitóticos = 1400 nm

20
Q

ADN deshidratado in vitro:

A

ADNa

21
Q

ADN cromosómico

A

ADNb

22
Q

ADN con supresión alteración genética:

A

ADNz