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Conceptual Physics > Conceptual Physics (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Conceptual Physics (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

In what ways do we express motion?

A

a. Mathematical: speed=d/t velocity = D/t
Acceleration: v/t
b. Graphing
c. Dots

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2
Q

Scalars

A

measurements that only use a magnitude

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3
Q

Example of Scalars

A

Speed, Time, Distance

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4
Q

Vectors

A

measurements that need a magnitude and direction

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5
Q

Example of Vectors

A

Velocity, Acceleration, Displacement, Force, Momentum

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6
Q

Newton

A
  1. Optics: white light is a combo of all the colors of the rainbow.
  2. Calculus: developed differentiation and integration
  3. Gravity + Motion:
  4. Law of Intertia
  5. Law of Acceleration
  6. Law of Action + Reaction (F= ma)
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7
Q

Einstein

A
  1. Light travels in waves that radiate outward from the source of light.
  2. Light is a constant speed, you can’t speed it up or slow it down.
  3. Scientists of the day believed the speed of light should be affected by how fast the source of light was moving through the ether.
    Ex: Light from a source moving toward you, such as a train, would travel faster than light from a stationary source like a signal light.
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8
Q

Aristotle

A

3 Laws of Motion
1. Objects fall at a constant rate. (depending on size and weight)
2. Violent vs. natural motion (pushing and pulling objects)
3. Objects in the heavens move in circular motions without external force. Objects on earth move in straight lines unless forced into circular motions.

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9
Q

Kepler

A

Three Laws of Planetary Motion
1. planets move in elliptical paths around the sun.
2. when planets are closer to the son, they orbit faster.
3. it takes longer to orbit the sun when further away.

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10
Q

Galileo

A
  • Discovery of momentum with ramp experiment.
  • Acceleration = 9.8 m/s
    discovered acceleration can be speeding up, slowing down, or changing directions.
    discovered that if you drop a ball down a ramp, the speed will increase, but the acceleration will be constant.
  • Studied Aristotle’s “natural + violent” motions.
  • Furthered/corrected Aristotle’s ideas
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11
Q

Newton’s First Law of Motion

A

An object in motion tends to stay in motion and an object at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

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12
Q

Example of Newton’s First Law of Motion

A

A ball rolling down a hill won’t stop rolling until friction or another force stops it.

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13
Q

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A

Force equals mass times acceleration

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14
Q

Example of Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A

Riding your bicycle. Bicycle is the mass, leg muscles pushing on the pedals of your bicycle is the force.

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15
Q

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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16
Q

Example of Newton’s Third Law of Motion

A

A book lying on a table: The weight of the books is acting in the downward direction on the table (action). While the reaction acts in the upward direction on the books.

17
Q

What is force?

A

Force is a push or pull that has size and direction.

18
Q

How do we measure forces?

A

Newtons

19
Q

Types of Forces:

A
  1. Applied Force
  2. Air Resistance
  3. Gravity
  4. Friction
  5. Spring Force (compression/tension)
  6. Normal Force
  7. Electrical Force
  8. Magnetic Force
  9. Buoyancy
20
Q

Air Resistance Force

A

Friction between an object and the air

21
Q

Applied Force?

A

Applied force is when a living creature puts pressure on a object.

22
Q

Spring Force?

A

When an object is pushed together, then when pressure is taken away it pops back to its normal self
Compression/Tension

23
Q

Frictional Force?

A

Frictional forces is present everywhere in our daily life. It is simply impossible to reduce it completely.

24
Q

Electrical Force?

A

The attractive or repulsive interaction between any two charged objects.

25
Q

Normal Force?

A

the support force exerted upon an object which is in contact with another stable object.

26
Q

Magnetic Force?

A

Same as gravitational and electrical forces in that no one knows what it is.
It is different from these forces in that its potential and momentic energy are at the expense of an electrical field in time.

27
Q

Unbalanced Force

A

can cause an object to move, stop moving, or change

28
Q

Balanced Force

A

Forces in equal and opposite directions; no acceleration

29
Q

4 Types of Friction

A
  1. Sliding Friction (strongest)
  2. Rolling Friction
  3. Fluid Friction (weakest/liquid/gas)
  4. Static Friction
30
Q

What is gravity?

A

a force of gravity that pulls objects around it, more mass great gravity pull, depends on mass and distance

31
Q

How is it applied to objects?

A

As objects move closer together, their pull on each other grows stronger.
As objects move farther apart, their pull on each other weakens.

32
Q

How is it applied to planets?

A

Gravity is what holds the planets in orbit around the sun and what keeps the moon in orbit around Earth.

33
Q

What does gravity depend on?

A

Depends on the mass of an object and the distance between the centers of the two objects.

34
Q

What is momentum?

A

The quantity of motion that an object has…arising from velocity and the quantity of matter conjointly.
Any object which has both mass and velocity is said to have momentum.

35
Q
A
36
Q

The Law of Conservation of Momentum?

A

The total momentum for any given system will remain constant unless acted upon by an external force…

Or

The momentum before a collision is equal to the momentum after a collision.

37
Q

Formula

A

p = mv
momentum = mass times velocity

38
Q

Elastic Collision vs. Inelastic Collision

A

Elastic collisions are collisions in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. The total system kinetic energy before the collision equals the total system kinetic energy after the collision. If total kinetic energy is not conserved, then the collision is referred to as an inelastic collision.

39
Q

How is the Law of Conservation of Momentum still present through elastic and inelastic collision?

A

Momentum is always conserved, even when there are forces if you take into account every object interacting through forces as part of your system.

Conceptual Physics (7 decks)

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