Conceptual Physics (Exam 2) Flashcards
Physics
What is work?
Work= applying a force to an object over a specific distance.
What has to be present for work to be done?
- Force Applied
- Distance Traveled
- Force has to be in the same direction as motion.
Work Equation
W = F x D
Labeled in Joules
What is power?
Power: The rate at which work is done
How are power and work related?
Power and work are inversely related…as one increases the other decreases.
Power Equation
Power = Work/Time
Labeled in Watts
What is energy?
Energy: The ability to do work.
All energy types are labeled in Joules.
What are the different types of energy?
- Kinetic Energy
- Potential Energy
- Thermal Energy
- Light
- Sound
- Mechanical Energy
- Wind
- Nuclear
- Geothermal
What is Potential Energy?
Potential energy is STORED energy
1. Elastic (Rubber Band)
2. Gravitational (Positione above Earth)
3. Chemical (Chemical Reaction)
GPE
PE = mgh (mass (kg), g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2), h = height in meters)
IF THE MASSES ARE EQUAL AND HEIGHT ARE EQUAL GPE IS EQUAL, AND THE AMOUNT OF WORK TO GET TO THE GPE IS EQUAL.
What is Kinetic Energy?
Kinetic Energy is energy in MOTION
KE = 1/2 mv 2
Labeled in Joules
IN ORDER FOR OBJECTS TO MOVE KINETIC ENERGY; NEED TO KNOW MASS AND IT HAS TO MOVE.
Law of Conservation of Energy
States that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from 1 form to another.
Ex: Kinetic Energy to heat; Potential energy to sound.
Work to Energy
Work = Change in Energy
What is Thermal Energy?
Thermal Energy: Amount of heat an object possesses. This is based on physical characteristics such as mass & composition.
(It is possible for an object to have more energy, but not change its temperature (Because mass has differences))
What is heat?
Heat: Flow of Thermal Energy.
Always occurs from warmer objects to colder objects.
Measure of the TOTAL kinetic energy of a system.
What is temperature?
The measure of the AVERAGE kinetic energy of a system.
How do Thermal Energy & Temperature Relate/Differ
Thermal energy and temperature have a direct relationship.
Relationship: As 1 increases, the other increases.
Differ: Temperature is the measure of AVERAGE kinetic energy while Thermal Energy is the measure of TOTAL kinetic energy of the body.
What is Specific Heat?
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1 C
Specific Heat depends on MASS and The MATERIAL of the object.
Insulators: have HIGHER specific heats than conductors
How do we measure heat and temp?
- Celsius (°C)
- Kelvin (K).
- Fahrenheit (expressed as °F)
Thermometers measure temperature by using materials that expand or contract when heated or cooled.
What are Thermal Insulators?
Insulators are materials that don’t allow thermal energy to pass through easily.
What are Thermal Conductors?
Conductors are materials that allow thermal energy to pass easily through.
What simple machines are in the Lever Family?
Lever, Pulley, Wheel and Axle
What simple machines are in the Inclined Plane Family?
Inclined Plane, Wedge, Screw
What is Mechanical Advantage?
The number of times that the effort force is multiplied.
