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Conceptual Physics > Physics Exam #3 > Flashcards

Physics Exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Waves

A

is a moving disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space.
Ex: water, sound, light, micro, x-ray, ultraviolet, seismic, human (waves)

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2
Q

Crest

A

the highest point of a transverse wave

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3
Q

Trough

A

the lowest point of a transverse wave

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4
Q

Wavelength

A

the distance between one point on a wave and the exact same point on the next wave.

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5
Q

Amplitude

A

the maximum extent of vibration or the distance from the resting position of the medium to the crest or trough

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6
Q

Frequency

A

the number of waves produced in a given amount of time

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7
Q

Mechanical Waves

A

waves the require a medium to transfer energy
Ex: ocean, sound waves, water waves, seismic waves

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8
Q

Electromagnetic Waves

A

waves that go through vacuums, can transfer energy through a medium or empty space.
Ex: radio, light, infared, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays (waves)

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9
Q

Medium

A

something through which a wave travels
solids, liquids, gas
Ex: water wave the medium is water; sound wave = sound; earthquake = ground

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10
Q

Transverse Waves

A

the particles of a medium vibrate in opposite (perpendicular) direction of the direction the wave is traveling.
Ex: take the form of light

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11
Q

Longitudinal Waves

A

Particles move parallel to the direction of the wave and come in the form of sound

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12
Q

compressions

A

the squished-up part of the longitudinal wave

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13
Q

Rarefactions

A

the spread-out part of the longitudinal wave

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14
Q

Light Wave Example

A

transverse wave

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15
Q

Micro Wave Example

A

Microwaves

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16
Q

Sound Wave Example

A

Choir singing

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17
Q

Water Wave Example

A

Wave of water (dropping a rock in the water)

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18
Q

Radio Wave Example

A

Bluetooth

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19
Q

X-Ray Wave Example

A

x-ray, mammorgraphyU

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20
Q

UV Ray Example

A

Tanning Beds

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21
Q

Seismic Wave Example

A

Earthquakes

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22
Q

EM Spectrum

A

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation.

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23
Q

How does sound Work?

A

Sound waves move through matter by making the particles of the medium vibrate.

For example, when you hit a drum, the drum vibrates, and the sound waves travel through the air to your ears.

Objects that vibrate slowly produce low-pitched sounds, while objects that vibrate quickly produce higher-pitched sounds.

It can travel through solids, liquids, gases

Properties: volume, pitch, amplitude, frequency.

24
Q

How Does sound change in different Media?

A

Solids:
Travels fastest through solids because the particles in solids are closer together, allowing sound waves to travel more efficiently.

Travel further without losing much energy

Example: Drums

Liquids:
Travels slower through liquids than solids but faster than through gases. Particles are less tightly packed than in solids, so sound waves encounter more resistance.

Sonar: a way to use sounds to locate in water (bats/dolphins)

Gases:
Travels slowest through gases because the particles in gases are far apart. Sound waves have to push against air molecules; causing energy to be lost quickly.

Sound from a bell, horn, alarm clock

25
Q

Overview of Sound

A

Sound travels fastest through solids, slower through liquids, and slowest through gases due to the difference in particle arrangement and density in each medium.

26
Q

Pitch

A

how high or low a sound is

27
Q

Volume

A

how loud or soft a sound is

28
Q

Ultrasound

A

sound waves with frequencies above the normal human range of hearing (20-100 kHz)

29
Q

Infrasound

A

Sounds with frequencies below the normal range of hearing (20-200 kHz)

30
Q

Outer Ear:

A

Catches the sound wave

31
Q

Middle Ear

A

takes the sound waves and vibrates the eardrum

32
Q

Inner Ear

A

Sends the messages to the brain

33
Q

Brain

A

puts it together so you can understand the sounds

34
Q

Doppler Effect

A

Is the apparent change in the frequency of a sound caused by the motion of either the listener or the source of the sound

Long Wavelength/Low Frequency
Small Wavelength/High Frequency
The Doppler Effect for moving sound source

35
Q

Resonance

A

the frequency of sound waves exactly matches the natural frequency of an object

36
Q

Period

A

amount of time it takes for one cycle to pass a given point

T = 1/f

37
Q

Opaque

A

does not allow light to pass through. ALl light absorbed or reflected
Ex: wood, table

38
Q

Translucent

A

can be seen through but not clearly. Allows some light to go through, but some is absorbed or reflected.
Ex: wax paper, tissue paper, shades

39
Q

Transparent

A

almost allows all light to go through, so it can be seen through clearly (trans= across)
Ex: window glass, diamond, glass lens, contacts

40
Q

How do we see objects?

A

Light reflects off them and back to our eyes

41
Q

How do we see colors?

A

the objects reflect that color of white light, and it absorbs all of the other colors.

42
Q

Subtractive System of Color

A

Objects create color by subtracting and absorbing certain wavelengths of color while reflecting other wavelengths back to the viewer
Uses colorants and reflected light
Cyan, magenta, and yellow

43
Q

Additive System of Color

A

Light is emitted directly from a source before an object reflects light.
Red, blue and green

44
Q

Primary and Secondary Colors of LIGHT

A

Primary: Red, Blue, Green
Secondary: Yellow, Cyan, Magenta

45
Q

Primary and Secondary Colors of PIGMENT

A

Primary: Yellow, Cyan, Magenta
Secondary: Red, Blue, Green

46
Q

Reflection (Regular/Diffuse)

A

When light bounces off an object.
Regular:
When an object’s surface is smooth, and you see an image.
Example: a plant (flat) mirror

Diffuse:
where a rough surface scatters light in many directions and no image appears.
Ex: paper is rough enough to scatter light so there is no image.

47
Q

Refraction

A

light slows down as it goes from space to air. It slows down even more in water and glass.
Why? Atoms get in the way
Ex: use a lens to curve light on purpose

48
Q

Convex Lenses

A

(or position) lenses converge (or focus) light and can form images.
Ex: magnifying glass, telescope, microscope, binoculars, eyeglass, far-sightedness, camera, projectors

49
Q

Concave Lenses

A

(or negative) lenses diverge (or spread out) light rays

50
Q

Polarizing Lenses

A

have special chemical applied to them to filter light the chemical molecules ar elined up specifically to block some of the light from passing through lens. Slits only allow one light to go through.

51
Q

Concave Mirrors

A

image shows in from the mirror, image different in size

52
Q

Convex Mirror

A

The reflective surface bulges toward the light source

53
Q

Near Sightedness

A

light focuses in front of the retina

54
Q

Far-sightedness

A

light focuses behind the retina

55
Q

Law of Reflection

A

Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection
On a flat mirror
Incidence = the created light by objects
The angle of Reflection = image of the object

56
Q

Diffraction

A

is the slight bending of light as it passes around the edge of an object.
The amount of bending depends on the relative size of the wavelength of light to the size of the opening.
If the opening is much larger than the light’s wavelength, the bending will be almost unnoticeable.

Conceptual Physics (7 decks)

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