Conflict

Question 1

Disagreement, discord, and friction that occur
when the actions or beliefs of one or more members of the group are unacceptable to and resisted by one or more of the other group members.

Answer 1

Conflict

Question 2

Differences of opinion, disagreements over who should lead the group, individuals
competing with each other for scarce resources, and the like

Answer 2

Initial conflict

Question 3

Conflict grows as persuasion gives way to arguing, emotions take the place of logic, and the once unified group splits into factions and coalitions

Answer 3

Conflict escalation

Question 4

Reduction in conflict

Answer 4

Conflict resolution

Question 5

Disagreement or confrontation between members of the same group.

Answer 5

Intragroup conflict

Question 6

Disagreement or confrontation between two or more groups and their members that can include physical violence, interpersonal discord, and psychological tension

Answer 6

Intergroup conflict

Question 7

Performance situation that is structured in such a way that the success of any one members is unrelated to the chance of other members’ succeeding.

Answer 7

Independence

Question 8

Performance situation that is structured
in such a way that the success of any one member of the group improves the chances of other members’ succeeding.

Answer 8

Cooperation

Question 9

Performance situation that is structured
in such a way that success depends on performing better than others.

Answer 9

Competition

Question 10

Performance setting in which the interdependence among interactants involves
both competitive and cooperative goal structures.

Answer 10

Mixed-motive situation

Question 11

Simulation of social interaction in which players must make either cooperative or competitive choices in order to win

Answer 11

Prisoner’s dilemma game (PDG)

Question 12

Eventual matching of the behaviors displayed by cooperating or competing group members.

Answer 12

Behavioral assimilation

Question 13

Tendency for individuals to pay back in
kind what they receive from others.

Answer 13

Reciprocity

Question 14

Dispositional tendency to respond to conflict settings in a particular way; cooperators, for example, tend to make choices that benefit both parties in a conflict, whereas competitors act to maximize their own outcomes.

Answer 14

Social values orientation (SVO)

Question 15

Social values orientation (SVO)

Proself individualists are concerned only with their own outcomes.

Answer 15

Individualistic orientation

Question 16

Social values orientation (SVO)

Proself individuals who strive to maximize their own outcomes, but they also seek to minimize others’ outcomes.

Answer 16

Competitive orientation

Question 17

Social values orientation (SVO)

Prosocial cooperators strive to maximize their own outcomes and others’ outcomes as well.

Answer 17

Cooperative orientation

Question 18

Social values orientation (SVO)

Motivated to help others who are in need.

Answer 18

Altruistic orientation

Question 19

Interpersonal situation where individuals must choose between maximizing their personal outcomes or maximizing their group’s outcomes.

Answer 19

Social dilemma

Question 20

Social dilemma where individuals can maximize their outcome by seeking personal goals rather than the collective goals, but if
too many individuals act selfishly then all members of the collective will experience substantial long-term losses.

Answer 20

Social trap (or commons dilemma

Question 21

A social dilemma where one may not contribute any resources in support of a public good (such as a park or a highway system) but also cannot be excluded for failing to contribute.

Answer 21

Public goods dilemma

Question 22

Perceived fairness of the distribution of rights and resources.

Answer 22

Distributive justice

Question 23

Giving oneself more responsibility for an
outcome or event than is warranted; often indexed by comparing one’s own judgments of personal responsibility to judgments of responsibility allocated by others.

Answer 23

Egocentrism

Question 24

Disagreements over issues that are relevant to the group’s recognized goals and procedures.

Answer 24

Task conflict (or substantive conflict)

Question 25

Disagreement over the methods the group should use to complete its basic task

Answer 25

Process conflict

Question 26

Interpersonal discord that occurs when group members dislike one another

Answer 26

Personal conflict

Question 27

A research procedure developed by Morton Deutsch and Robert Krauss in their studies of conflict between individuals who differ in their capacity to threaten and punish others.

Answer 27

Trucking game experiment

Question 28

Reciprocal communication process whereby two or more parties to a dispute examine specific issues, explain their positions, and exchange offers and counteroffers to reach agreement or achieve mutually beneficial outcomes.

Answer 28

Negotiation

Question 29

3 approaches to negotiation

Answer 29

Soft Negotiation Hard Negotiation Principled Negotiation

Question 30

Approaches to negotiation See negotiation as too close to competition, so they choose a gentle style of negotiation.

Answer 30

Soft Negotiation

Question 31

Approaches to negotiation Use tough, competitive tactics during negotiations.

Answer 31

Hard Negotiation

Question 32

Approaches to negotiation Seek integrative solutions by sidestepping commitment to specific positions.

Answer 32

Principled Negotiation

Question 33

Conceptual perspective on methods of dealing with conflict that assumes avoiding, yielding, fighting, and cooperating differ along two basic dimensions: concern for self and concern for other.

Answer 33

Dual concern model

Question 34

4 Core conflict resolution modes of dual concern model

Answer 34

Avoiding Yielding Fighting Cooperating

Question 35

Core conflict resolution modes of dual concern model Inaction is a passive means of dealing with disputes

Answer 35

Avoiding

Question 36

Core conflict resolution modes of dual concern model Accommodation is a passive but prosocial approach to conflict.

Answer 36

Yielding

Question 37

Core conflict resolution modes of dual concern model Contending is an active, proself means of dealing with conflict that involves forcing others to accept one’s view

Answer 37

Fighting

Question 38

Core conflict resolution modes of dual concern model Cooperation is an active, prosocial, and proself approach to conflict resolution.

Answer 38

Cooperating

Question 39

Bargaining strategy that begins with cooperation, but then imitates the other person’s choice so that cooperation is met with cooperation and competition with competition.

Answer 39

tit for tat (TFT)

Question 40

One who intervenes between two persons who are experiencing conflict, with a view to reconciling them.

Answer 40

Mediator