Intergroup Relations Flashcards
(23 cards)
A field study performed by Muzafer and Carolyn Sherif and their colleagues that examined the causes and consequences of conflict between two groups of boys at Robbers Cave State Park in
Oklahoma.
Robbers Cave Experiment
A conceptual framework arguing that conflict between groups stems from competition for scarce resources, including food, territory, wealth, power, natural resources, and energy.
Realistic group conflict theory
The markedly greater competitiveness of groups when interacting with other groups,
relative to the competitiveness of individuals interacting with other individuals.
Discontinuity effect
An approach to oppression and domination assuming that conflict between groups results from dynamic tensions between
hierarchically ranked groups within society
Social dominance theory
An explanation of intergroup conflict
arguing that hostility caused by frustrating environmental circumstances is released by taking hostile actions against members of other social groups.
Scapegoat theory
The belief that one’s own tribe, region, or country is superior to other tribes, regions, or countries.
Ethnocentrism
The tendency to consider the actions and attributes of one’s own group as positive,
fair, and appropriate, but to consider these very same behaviors or displays to be negative, unfair, and inappropriate when the outgroup performs them.
Double-standard thinking
The perceptual tendency to assume that the members of other groups are very
similar to each other, whereas the membership of one’s own group is more heterogeneous.
Outgroup homogeneity bias
The tendency for people to base sweeping generalizations about an entire group on observations of a small number of individuals from that group
Law of small numbers
The tendency for perceivers to assume that specific group members’ personal characteristics and preferences, including their beliefs, attitudes, and decisions, are similar to the preferences of the group
to which they belong
Group attribution error
The tendency for perceivers to attribute negative actions performed by members of
the outgroup to dispositional qualities and positive actions to situational, fluctuating circumstances.
Ultimate attribution error
The tendency to describe positive ingroup and negative outgroup behaviors more
abstractly and negative ingroup and positive outgroup behaviors more concretely
Linguistic intergroup bias
A socially shared set of cognitive generalizations
Stereotype
A theory of group perception positing that people’s stereotyped views about social
groups reflect their beliefs about the warmth and competence of the stereotyped group.
Stereotype content model
A psychological process whereby opponents in a conflict come to view each other as undeserving of morally mandated rights and protections.
Moral exclusion
Believing that other individuals or entire groups of individuals lack the qualities thought to distinguish human beings from other animals
Dehumanization
The prediction that contact between the members of different groups will reduce intergroup conflict.
Contact hypothesis
A goal that can only be attained if
the members of two or more groups work together by pooling their efforts and resources.
Superordinate goal
Reducing social categorization tendencies by minimizing the salience of group memberships and stressing the individuality of each person in the group.
Decategorization
An analysis of recategorization processes and conflict predicting that intergroup conflict can be reduced by emphasizing membership in inclusive social categories and the interdependence of the individuals in the groups.
Common ingroup identity model
A reduction of social categorization
tendencies by collapsing groups in conflict into a single group or category.
Recategorization
A reduction of the impact of social categorization on individuals’ perceptions by making salient their memberships in two or more social groups or categories that are not related to the categories that are generating ingroup–outgroup tensions.
Cross-categorization
A team-learning technique that involves assigning topics to each student, allowing students with the same topics to study together, and then requiring these
students to teach their topics to the other members of their groups.
Jigsaw method
