Inclusion & Identity Flashcards
(39 cards)
Dispositional tendency to seek out and join with other humans.
Need to belong
Degree of functional interconnectedness of a group of people thought to promote coordinated action for mutual benefit
Social capital
Excluding a person or group of people from a
group, usually by ignoring, shunning, or explicitly banishing them.
Ostracism
Physiological response to stressful events characterized by the activation of the
sympathetic nervous system (increased heart rate, pupil dilation) that readies the individual to counter the threat (fight) or to escape the threat (flight).
Fight-or-flight response
Interpersonal response to stressful events characterized by increased nurturing, protective, and supportive behaviors (tending)
and by seeking out connections to other people (befriending).
Tend-and-befriend response
Exclusion of one or more individuals from a technologically mediated group interaction,
such as a computer-based discussion group.
Cyberostracism
Conceptual analysis of self-esteem
proposed by Mark Leary that argues self-esteem is not an index of perceived self-worth, but instead is a psychological monitor of one’s degree of inclusion and exclusion in
social groups.
Sociometer theory
Tradition, ideology, or personal outlook
that emphasizes the primacy of the individual and his or her rights, independence, and relationships with other individuals.
Individualism
A tradition, ideology, or personal orientation that emphasizes the primacy of the group or community rather than each individual person.
Collectivism
Interpersonal association between individuals based on each person’s desire to increase the rewards they receive from others in the
relationship.
Exchange relationship
Interpersonal association between individuals who are more concerned with what others get rather than what they themselves
receive.
Communal relationship
Social standard that enjoins individuals to pay back in kind what they receive from
others.
Norm of reciprocity
Social standard that encourages distributing rewards and resources to members in proportion to their inputs.
Equity norm
Social standard that encourages distributing rewards and resources equally among all members.
Equality norm
Described by Jean Jacques Rousseau,
an agreement, often only implicitly recognized, that obligates the individual to support the “general will” of society as an “indivisible part of the whole.”
Social contract
Emphasizing one’s own needs, perspective,
and importance, particularly in contrast to those of other individuals or the group (egocentric).
Self-serving
Emphasizing the group’s needs, perspectives, and importance, particularly in contrast to those of individual members or oneself (sociocentric).
Group-serving
An experimental bargaining situation in which one individual, the allocator, must propose a division of a shared resource to other members; if they reject the allocator’s proposal, no one receives any of the resource.
Ultimatum Game
“me” component of the self concept that derives from individualistic qualities such
as traits, beliefs, and skills
Personal identity
“we” component of the self-concept that includes all those qualities attendant to relationships with other people, groups, and
society
Social identity
3 Common Attributes of Individualism and Collectivism
Social relations
Social obligations
Social identity
Focus on establishing and maintaining relationships that yield personal rewards with
few costs (exchange orientation); concern
for maintaining equity in relations with
others
Social relations
Individuals act to promote their own interests before considering the needs of others;
satisfaction comes from personal triumphs in
competition with others
Social obligations
The independent self is based on one’s
personal, idiosyncratic characteristics; each
self is autonomous and unique
Social identity
