connective

Question 1

What are autoimmune connective tissue disorders?

Answer 1

A group of systemic chronic diseases targeting cellular nuclei, not just connective tissue.

Question 2

Name some autoimmune connective tissue diseases.

Answer 2

Vasculitis, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, lupus, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren’s, rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 3

What type of antibodies are commonly present in these diseases?

Answer 3

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA).

Question 4

What symptoms indicate systemic involvement?

Answer 4

Fever, arthralgia, asthenia, CRP increase.

Question 5

Are autoimmune connective tissue disorders more common in men or women?

Answer 5

Women.

Question 6

What is the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Answer 6

2-6 per 100,000.

Question 7

What is the significance of anti-dsDNA antibodies?

Answer 7

They are specific for SLE and track disease evolution.

Question 8

What ENA marker is linked with Sjogren’s Syndrome?

Answer 8

SSA-SSB.

Question 9

Which ENA marker is associated with systemic sclerosis?

Answer 9

Scl-70.

Question 10

What ENA marker indicates dermatomyositis?

Answer 10

Jo-1.

Question 11

Can healthy individuals have ANA?

Answer 11

Yes, 5-10% of healthy people.

Question 12

What are some cutaneous manifestations of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus?

Answer 12

Erythema, hyperkeratosis, atrophy.

Question 13

What is the lupus band test?

Answer 13

A DIF test showing IgG, IgA, and complement deposits.

Question 14

What distinguishes discoid lupus from systemic lupus?

Answer 14

Discoid is localized to the skin and lacks systemic symptoms.

Question 15

What is chilblain lupus?

Answer 15

Cold-induced violaceous lesions without hyperkeratosis.

Question 16

What mutation is associated with familial chilblain lupus?

Answer 16

TREX1 mutation.

Question 17

What skin findings are typical in tumidus lupus?

Answer 17

Erythematous-edematous plaques without atrophy or hyperkeratosis.

Question 18

Describe subacute cutaneous lupus lesions.

Answer 18

Annular, psoriasiform, policyclic papulo-squamous.

Question 19

List clinical signs of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Answer 19

Fever, joint pain, skin lesions, kidney and CNS involvement.

Question 20

What is Gottron’s papules?

Answer 20

Violaceous papules on dorsal surfaces of joints in dermatomyositis.

Question 21

What is poikiloderma?

Answer 21

Combination of atrophy, hypo/hyperpigmentation, and telangiectasia.

Question 22

What signs suggest dermatomyositis?

Answer 22

Heliotrope rash, Gottron papules, poikiloderma.

Question 23

What are common malignancies associated with dermatomyositis?

Answer 23

Breast, lung, GI, prostate, nasopharynx.

Question 24

What type of muscle involvement occurs in dermatomyositis?

Answer 24

Proximal symmetric muscle weakness.

Question 25

What autoantibody is common in dermatomyositis?

Answer 25

Myositis-specific autoantibodies.

Question 26

What characterizes scleroderma?

Answer 26

Inflammation, fibrosis, and atrophy of skin and organs.

Question 27

What is morphea?

Answer 27

Localized scleroderma presenting as lilac ringed annular lesions.

Question 28

What is linear scleroderma?

Answer 28

Localized sclerosis resembling a sabre stroke (en coup de sabre).

Question 29

What is Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini?

Answer 29

Multiple atrophic plaques, a variant of morphea.

Question 30

What are phases of systemic scleroderma skin involvement?

Answer 30

Edematous, sclerotic, and atrophic phases.

Question 31

What are common facial features of scleroderma?

Answer 31

Taut skin, beaked nose, microstomia.

Question 32

What autoantibody is associated with CREST syndrome?

Answer 32

Anti-centromere antibody (ACA).

Question 33

What does anti-Scl70 indicate?

Answer 33

Diffuse systemic sclerosis with lung fibrosis.

Question 34

What is anti-fibrillarin linked with?

Answer 34

Heart and lung involvement in diffuse systemic sclerosis.

Question 35

What autoantibody indicates renal involvement in scleroderma?

Answer 35

Anti-RNA polymerase I and II.

Question 36

What diagnostic tools assess systemic sclerosis?

Answer 36

Capillaroscopy, EMG, ECG, CT scan, pHmetry.

Question 37

What is vasculitis?

Answer 37

Inflammation of blood vessels causing ischemia and tissue damage.

Question 38

What are signs of vasculitis?

Answer 38

Palpable purpura, necrosis, ulceration.

Question 39

What is Behçet’s disease?

Answer 39

A vasculitis with ulcers, HLA-B51 link, common along Silk Road.

Question 40

What is a characteristic oral lesion in Behçet’s disease?

Answer 40

Aphthous ulcers.

Question 41

What condition may cause lupus pernio?

Answer 41

Sarcoidosis.

Question 42

What autoantibody is found in drug-induced lupus?

Answer 42

Anti-histone antibodies.

Question 43

What skin change occurs in cutaneous calcinosis?

Answer 43

Calcium deposits in the skin.

Question 44

What is the V-neck sign in dermatomyositis?

Answer 44

Photodistributed poikiloderma on the chest.

Question 45

What is the shawl sign in dermatomyositis?

Answer 45

Poikiloderma on upper back.

Question 46

What is sclerodactyly?

Answer 46

Thickening and tightening of the fingers in systemic sclerosis.

Question 47

What are sausage fingers?

Answer 47

Swollen fingers in systemic sclerosis.

Question 48

What is microstomia?

Answer 48

Reduced mouth opening due to skin tightening.

Question 49

What distinguishes systemic from cutaneous lupus?

Answer 49

Systemic involves organs and has anti-dsDNA antibodies; cutaneous does not.

Question 50

What is the CREST acronym in systemic sclerosis?

Answer 50

Calcinosis, Raynaud, Esophageal dysfunction, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia.