parasitoses

Question 1

What causes scabies?

Answer 1

A mite called Sarcoptes scabiei.

Question 2

What is the scientific name of the human-specific scabies mite?

Answer 2

Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis.

Question 3

Can humans contract scabies from animals?

Answer 3

No, Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis is specific to humans.

Question 4

Which mite burrows into the skin?

Answer 4

Only the female scabies mite.

Question 5

Where do scabies mites lay eggs?

Answer 5

Inside the skin burrows created by female mites.

Question 6

How long is the scabies life cycle?

Answer 6

Up to 2–3 weeks.

Question 7

What is required for scabies transmission?

Answer 7

Prolonged skin-to-skin contact.

Question 8

Is scabies affected by sex, race, or age?

Answer 8

No, it is not affected by sex, race, or age.

Question 9

What factors increase the risk of scabies?

Answer 9

Poverty and overcrowded living conditions.

Question 10

What skin lesions are characteristic of scabies?

Answer 10

Burrows, which appear as raised serpentine lines.

Question 11

Why might burrows not be visible in scabies?

Answer 11

Due to scratching that destroys the burrows.

Question 12

What tool helps visualize scabies burrows?

Answer 12

Dermoscopy.

Question 13

What does the ‘jet with a contrail’ sign indicate?

Answer 13

A burrow ending with a triangular brown mite.

Question 14

What is the immune reaction type involved in scabies?

Answer 14

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction.

Question 15

When does itching typically begin after scabies infestation?

Answer 15

2–3 weeks after infestation.

Question 16

What are some scabies rash features?

Answer 16

Erythematous papules, crusts, erosions, nodules.

Question 17

Which body areas are commonly affected by scabies?

Answer 17

Hands, wrists, feet, genitalia, axillae, buttocks.

Question 18

When is scabies itching most severe?

Answer 18

At night.

Question 19

What is crusted scabies?

Answer 19

A severe form of scabies in immunocompromised individuals.

Question 20

What are symptoms of crusted scabies?

Answer 20

Crusts and scales with mild or no itching.

Question 21

What is the first treatment principle for scabies?

Answer 21

Treat all close contacts simultaneously.

Question 22

How should linens be disinfected for scabies?

Answer 22

Machine wash at >60°C.

Question 23

What topical treatment is common for scabies?

Answer 23

Permethrin 5% cream.

Question 24

How is benzyl benzoate used for scabies?

Answer 24

Apply from neck down for 8 days.

Question 25

What is a common oral medication for scabies?

Answer 25

Ivermectin.

Question 26

What are head lice?

Answer 26

Parasites found on human heads.

Question 27

How are head lice transmitted?

Answer 27

Head-to-head contact and sharing personal items.

Question 28

Who is most affected by head lice?

Answer 28

Preschool and elementary school-aged children.

Question 29

How do you distinguish nits from dandruff?

Answer 29

Nits are elongated and attached to hair, dandruff is round.

Question 30

What are pubic lice (crabs)?

Answer 30

Lice that infest coarse body hair.

Question 31

Where else can crabs be found besides pubic hair?

Answer 31

On trunk and body hair.

Question 32

Where do ticks live?

Answer 32

Grass, trees, shrubs, and leaf piles.

Question 33

What do ticks feed on?

Answer 33

Blood from humans and animals.

Question 34

How do ticks transmit diseases?

Answer 34

Through their bites while feeding.

Question 35

Name one disease transmitted by tick bites.

Answer 35

Lyme borreliosis.

Question 36

What happens to ticks after feeding?

Answer 36

They become engorged and may turn greenish-blue.

Question 37

What is leishmaniasis?

Answer 37

A parasitic disease transmitted by sandfly bites.

Question 38

What are clinical signs of cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Answer 38

Papules, ulcers, adenopathy.

Question 39

What causes cutaneous larva migrans?

Answer 39

Hookworm larvae from dog or cat feces.

Question 40

What is the key symptom of cutaneous larva migrans?

Answer 40

Wormlike burrows in the skin.

Question 41

How do humans contract cutaneous larva migrans?

Answer 41

Contact with contaminated soil or sand.

Question 42

What is the processionary caterpillar?

Answer 42

Larva of a moth found in oak and pine forests.

Question 43

Why are processionary caterpillars dangerous?

Answer 43

Their hairs can cause skin irritation and asthma.

Question 44

What is entomo-dermatosis?

Answer 44

Skin disease caused by insects or their parts.

Question 45

Can mites survive outside the human body?

Answer 45

Yes, for 2–3 days on clothes and bedding.

Question 46

What kind of reaction is seen in scabies rash?

Answer 46

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction.

Question 47

Which patients are at risk for crusted scabies?

Answer 47

Immunocompromised or elderly individuals.

Question 48

Where are scabies lesions most commonly located?

Answer 48

Hands, genitalia, and areas with thick skin.

Question 49

Can permethrin be used prophylactically for scabies?

Answer 49

Yes, for 2 consecutive days.

Question 50

Is a microscope required to diagnose scabies?

Answer 50

No, clinical diagnosis is usually sufficient.