mycoses

Question 1

Front

Answer 1

Back

Question 2

What are cutaneous superficial mycoses?

Answer 2

Infections of the skin, hair, or nails caused by fungi like dermatophytes, Candida, and Pityrosporum.

Question 3

What are dermatophytes?

Answer 3

Keratinophilic fungi that digest keratin and infect skin, hair, and nails.

Question 4

What is Candida?

Answer 4

A cutaneous and mucosal saprophyte that can cause superficial and systemic infections.

Question 5

What is Pityrosporum (Malassezia)?

Answer 5

A lipophilic saprophyte associated with sebaceous skin areas.

Question 6

What causes pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 6

Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare).

Question 7

Common triggers for pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 7

Hyperseborrhea, humid climate, hyperhidrosis, occlusion, immunosuppression.

Question 8

Topography of pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 8

Back, chest, upper arms, neck, abdomen.

Question 9

Morphology of pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 9

Brownish, erythematous, or achromic macules with fine scales.

Question 10

Is pityriasis versicolor contagious?

Answer 10

No, it is not infectious.

Question 11

How does pityriasis versicolor change with sun?

Answer 11

Becomes achromic due to melanin inhibition.

Question 12

Treatment for pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 12

Topical and systemic antifungals.

Question 13

What are the three genera of dermatophytes?

Answer 13

Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton.

Question 14

Modes of dermatophyte transmission?

Answer 14

Anthropophilic, zoophilic, geophilic.

Question 15

Which dermatophytes cause tinea corporis?

Answer 15

M. canis, T. rubrum, Epidermophyton.

Question 16

What is tinea capitis?

Answer 16

Fungal infection of the scalp, common in children.

Question 17

Types of tinea capitis?

Answer 17

Microsporic, trichophytic, favus, kerion.

Question 18

What causes microsporic tinea?

Answer 18

Microsporum canis.

Question 19

Features of microsporic tinea?

Answer 19

Single large lesion, ectothrix, positive Wood’s light.

Question 20

What causes trichophytic tinea?

Answer 20

T. violaceum, T. tonsurans.

Question 21

Features of trichophytic tinea?

Answer 21

Multiple small lesions, endothrix, negative Wood’s light.

Question 22

What is favus?

Answer 22

A form of tinea capitis with scutula and scarring alopecia.

Question 23

What causes favus?

Answer 23

T. schoenleinii.

Question 24

What is kerion celsi?

Answer 24

Inflammatory tinea capitis with nodules and abscesses.

Question 25

What causes kerion celsi?

Answer 25

Microsporum canis and other zoophilic fungi.

Question 26

What is a differential diagnosis for tinea capitis?

Answer 26

Alopecia areata (no scale or erythema).

Question 27

What is tinea corporis?

Answer 27

Annular lesions with erythematous, scaly borders and scaly center.

Question 28

What causes tinea cruris?

Answer 28

Epidermophyton floccosum, T. rubrum.

Question 29

What causes tinea pedis?

Answer 29

T. rubrum.

Question 30

What causes tinea manuum?

Answer 30

T. rubrum.

Question 31

What causes tinea unguium?

Answer 31

T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes.

Question 32

What is tinea incognita?

Answer 32

Atypical tinea presentation after corticosteroid use.

Question 33

What is onychomycosis?

Answer 33

Fungal infection of the nails, more common in feet.

Question 34

Common agents of onychomycosis?

Answer 34

T. rubrum (dermatophyte), Candida (yeast).

Question 35

Forms of onychomycosis?

Answer 35

Distal subungual, white superficial, proximal subungual.

Question 36

Which onychomycosis is linked to HIV?

Answer 36

Proximal subungual onychomycosis.

Question 37

What is 'boreal dawn' aspect?

Answer 37

Irregular whitish edge on nail seen in dermoscopy of fungal infection.

Question 38

How does dermatophyte nail infection appear?

Answer 38

Whitish brown area from distal part migrating to lunula.

Question 39

How does Candida nail infection appear?

Answer 39

Brown-white area from lateral side, with periungual inflammation.

Question 40

What is perionychia?

Answer 40

Inflammation of the skin around the nails, often due to Candida.

Question 41

What is commissural cheilitis?

Answer 41

Painful erosions at labial commissures due to Candida.

Question 42

What causes thrush?

Answer 42

Candida infection in the oral cavity.

Question 43

Appearance of oral candidiasis?

Answer 43

Whitish confluent patches removable by brushing.

Question 44

Risk factors for oral candidiasis?

Answer 44

Immunosuppression, diabetes, dentures, antibiotics.

Question 45

What is intertrigo?

Answer 45

Candida infection of skin folds causing erythema and erosion.

Question 46

Who is at risk of intertrigo?

Answer 46

Obese, workers in wet environments.

Question 47

What is vulvovaginitis?

Answer 47

Candida infection of the vaginal mucosa.

Question 48

What is balanoposthitis?

Answer 48

Candida infection of the glans and foreskin in males.

Question 49

How is candidiasis transmitted?

Answer 49

Direct contact; may be sexually transmitted.

Question 50

What are lab tests for fungal infections?

Answer 50

Direct microscopy, culture.

Question 51

Topical treatment options for tinea corporis?

Answer 51

Allylamines, azoles, ciclopirox, amorolfine.

Question 52

Systemic treatment for tinea capitis?

Answer 52

Griseofulvin, terbinafine.

Question 53

Systemic treatment for onychomycosis?

Answer 53

Itraconazole, terbinafine.

Question 54

When is systemic treatment needed for candidiasis?

Answer 54

If lesions are diffuse or recurrent.