virus

Question 1

Front

Answer 1

Back

Question 2

What does the term ‘virus’ mean?

Answer 2

It derives from Latin meaning ‘toxin’ or ‘poison’.

Question 3

List childhood exanthemas caused by viruses.

Answer 3

Measles, chickenpox, rubella, erythema subitum.

Question 4

Name viruses causing localized skin and mucosal lesions.

Answer 4

Herpes, HPV warts, molluscum contagiosum, orf, EBV.

Question 5

Name some other viral syndromes affecting the skin.

Answer 5

Pityriasis rosea, hand-foot-mouth disease, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome.

Question 6

What elementary lesion is caused by measles?

Answer 6

Macules and papules.

Question 7

What elementary lesion is caused by herpes?

Answer 7

Vesicles and blisters.

Question 8

What elementary lesion is caused by HHV-7?

Answer 8

Macules.

Question 9

What elementary lesion is caused by papilloma virus?

Answer 9

Papules.

Question 10

What elementary lesion is caused by molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 10

Papules.

Question 11

What elementary lesion is caused by coxsackie virus?

Answer 11

Vesicles and esulcerations.

Question 12

What elementary lesion is caused by parvovirus?

Answer 12

Papules.

Question 13

What elementary lesion is caused by EBV?

Answer 13

Macules.

Question 14

What elementary lesion is caused by orf virus?

Answer 14

Pustules.

Question 15

How is pityriasis rosea characterized?

Answer 15

Acute onset, not contagious, spontaneous regression in 2-3 months.

Question 16

What is the herald patch in pityriasis rosea?

Answer 16

A large, round/oval scaly patch on trunk and proximal limbs.

Question 17

What is the typical distribution of pityriasis rosea?

Answer 17

Trunk, proximal limbs, spares face.

Question 18

Which virus is linked to pityriasis rosea?

Answer 18

HHV7.

Question 19

What virus causes common warts?

Answer 19

HPV types 2, 27.

Question 20

Morphology of common warts?

Answer 20

Small, rough, flesh-colored bumps with black pinpoints (thrombosed vessels).

Question 21

Where are common warts typically located?

Answer 21

Hands and fingers.

Question 22

What virus causes plantar warts (myrmecia)?

Answer 22

HPV type 1.

Question 23

How do myrmecia warts present?

Answer 23

Horny surface, painful, bleeding points under pressure.

Question 24

What differentiates plantar warts from calluses?

Answer 24

Plantar warts have bleeding points; calluses do not.

Question 25

What virus causes mosaic plantar warts?

Answer 25

HPV type 2.

Question 26

Describe mosaic plantar warts.

Answer 26

Superficial clusters, less painful, raised lesions with bleeding points.

Question 27

Name treatments for warts.

Answer 27

Topical keratolytics, cryotherapy, curettage with diathermocoagulation.

Question 28

What virus causes flat or plane warts?

Answer 28

HPV types 3, 10, 27-29, 41.

Question 29

Who typically develops flat warts?

Answer 29

Children, young adults, patients with atopic dermatitis.

Question 30

Where are flat warts usually located?

Answer 30

Face, hands, sun-exposed areas.

Question 31

What virus causes genital warts?

Answer 31

HPV types 6, 11 (low-risk); 16, 18 (high-risk oncogenic).

Question 32

How do genital warts present?

Answer 32

Pearly, filiform, plaque-like, cauliflower-like, verrucous or lobulated lesions.

Question 33

What are condyloma acuminata?

Answer 33

Cauliflower-like genital warts.

Question 34

What cancers are associated with HPV 16, 18?

Answer 34

Cervical, vulvar, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers.

Question 35

Which HPV types are linked to squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 35

High-risk 16,18; low-risk 6,11 rarely.

Question 36

Which herpesviruses affect skin?

Answer 36

HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8, CMV, EBV.

Question 37

What is ballooniform degeneration?

Answer 37

Herpes-induced keratinocyte swelling forming vesicles.

Question 38

Describe HSV-1 primary infection.

Answer 38

Often inapparent; may cause gingivostomatitis, labialis, keratoconjunctivitis.

Question 39

What triggers HSV recurrences?

Answer 39

Trauma, infections, sun exposure, hormones, stress.

Question 40

Describe HSV-1 vesicles.

Answer 40

Grouped vesicles that rupture and form erosions.

Question 41

What is polymorphic erythema?

Answer 41

Cockade or iris lesions, often linked to HSV DNA fragments in keratinocytes.

Question 42

What is Kaposi varicelliform eruption?

Answer 42

HSV-1 disseminated infection, often in atopic dermatitis patients.

Question 43

How does Kaposi varicelliform eruption present?

Answer 43

Painful vesiculopustules, crusted erosions, systemic symptoms, risk of multi-organ involvement.

Question 44

Describe HSV-2 infection.

Answer 44

Causes genital herpes; vesicles quickly erode.

Question 45

What are VZV first and recurrent infections?

Answer 45

Chickenpox (first); herpes zoster (recurrent).

Question 46

What triggers herpes zoster?

Answer 46

Reactivation from latent sensory ganglia, often in elderly or immunosuppressed.

Question 47

Describe the topography of herpes zoster.

Answer 47

Metameric (dermatomal) unilateral distribution.

Question 48

Describe progression of shingles.

Answer 48

Pain precedes vesicles; vesicles crust; postherpetic neuralgia may persist.

Question 49

What is molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 49

Small umbilicated papules; common in children and atopic dermatitis.

Question 50

How is molluscum contagiosum treated?

Answer 50

Topical agents or curettage.

Question 51

What causes ecthyma contagiosum (Orf)?

Answer 51

Parapox virus from infected sheep or goats.

Question 52

How does Orf present?

Answer 52

Reddish papules/nodules, purulent, evolve into ulcerations and crusts.

Question 53

What virus causes hand-foot-mouth disease?

Answer 53

Coxsackie virus.

Question 54

Describe hand-foot-mouth disease.

Answer 54

Vesicles on oral mucosa, hands, feet, sometimes buttocks; resolves spontaneously.

Question 55

What is Gianotti-Crosti syndrome?

Answer 55

Symmetric pink/purpuric papules on limbs in children; self-healing; linked to viral infections.

Question 56

Which viruses have oncogenic roles?

Answer 56

HPV (SCC), HHV-8 (Kaposi), MCPyV (Merkel cell carcinoma), HTLV/EBV (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma).