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Psychology 1100 > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

refers to a state of awareness

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2
Q

self-awareness

A

awareness that one exists as an individual being

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3
Q

what is present in the consciousness of the brain?

A

the thalamus and the cerebral cortex

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4
Q

pattern of electrical brain activity

A

when we are not thinking about anything in particular
- prepares the brain for conscious thought
- we spend about 50 % of time in this state

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5
Q

sleep

A

normal state of consciousness characterized by reduced awareness of the environment

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6
Q

waking

A

normal state of consciousness characterized by alertness and awareness of the environment

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7
Q

circadian rhythms

A

a daily biological rhythm that determines sleep and waking, influenced by light exposure

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8
Q

biological clock

A

internal mechanism that provides an approximate schedule for bodily processes

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9
Q

zeitgebers

A

external stimuli that help us identify identify time of day

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10
Q

what can mess with your circadian rhythm?

A
  • exposure to too much artificial light
  • decreased release of melatonin from the pineal gland
  • shift work
  • travel across time zone
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11
Q

major depressive orders can become worse with…

A

seasonal patters

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12
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

test that detects electrical activity in your brain using small, flat metal disks (electrodes) attached to your scalp

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13
Q

different sleep wavelengths acronyms…

A

B - beta (awake)
A - alpha (drowsy)
T - theta (stage 1)
S - spindles and k-complexes (stage 2)
D - delta (stage 3 and 4)
B - beta (REM)

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14
Q

gamma waves

A

pattern of brain activity that signals a person is processing sensory input

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15
Q

beta waves

A

pattern of brain activity that signals that a person is actively thinking and alert

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16
Q

alpha waves

A

patter of brain actively that signals that a person is awake but relaxed

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17
Q

stage-one of sleep

A

N - REM Sleep
- very light sleep characterized by theta waves

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18
Q

stage two of sleep

A

N-REM Sleep
- characterized by slower heart rate and breathing pattern, as well as K-complexes and spindles

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19
Q

Stages 3 & 4 of Sleep

A

N-REM Sleep
- deep sleep (difficult to wake from), characterized by delta waves and rhythmic breathing

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20
Q

REM Sleep is characterized by…

A
  • brain activity resembling waking
  • rapid motion of the eyes
  • muscular paralysis
  • sympathetic nervous system activation
  • vivid dreaming
  • SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM -
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21
Q

dreaming

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A

a mental state that usually occurs during sleep featuring visual imagery

22
Q

nightmares

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A
  • during REM sleep
  • remember the content
  • experiences by everyone
23
Q

sleep terrors

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A
  • prior to REM sleep
  • become distressed during
  • don’t remember it once they wake up
24
Q

insomnia

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A
  • difficulty falling or staying asleep
  • 30 % of adults report insomnia
  • related to anxiety or emotional distress
25
narcolepsy
- sudden sleep occurs during everyday tasks - REM sleep
26
sleep apnea
- people stop breathing while sleeping - common in obese/overweight people - can lead to brain damage
27
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- infants die suddenly in their sleep - if they are not laying the right way or if they
28
restless leg syndrome
- involuntary movement in one leg - tingling feeling
29
coma
- damage to both cerebral hemispheres or to the reticular formation - lasts a few days or several weeks
30
vegetative state
- waking without consciousness - patients look normal but can't (usually) communicate
31
brain death
complete and irreversible lack of measurable brain activity
32
near-death experiences
an out-of-body experience in which people feel they are viewing their body from a floating person above it
33
seizures
uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that often produce changes in consciousness
34
parietal seizures
originate in a particular part of the brain known as the focal area and are often accompanied by an aura
35
generalized seizures
loss of consciousness, cessation of breathing, and intense muscular contraction
36
psychoactive drugs
any drug with the capability of altering a person's state of consciousness
37
why do people use drugs?
- recreational use - seeking insight - positive emotions - self discovery - religious contexts - healing
38
addiction
compulsive physical or psychological dependence on a substance or activity
39
tolerance
when a person must take larger quantities of a drug to achieve the same effect
40
withdrawal
response to removal of some habitually administered drug
41
marijuana
- words on cannabinoid receptors - hallucinogen - memory impairment - loss of motivation - depression - social withdrawal USED FOR PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
42
LSD
- vivid hallucinations - can produce flashbacks - intrusive and involuntary hallucinations years and decades later
43
ritalin (methylphenidate)
- increased attention - decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping - not only taken by patients with ADHD - it can be used to make ANYONE focus
44
cocaine and amphetamines
effects... - alertness - elevated mood - confidence - sense of well being bad effects... - produce schizofrenia like symptoms - hallucinations - delusional fears - repetitive motor behaviors
45
MDMA (ecstasy)
effects... - increased heart hate - increased blood pressure - increased body temperature - increased sociability bad effects... - dehydration - exhaustion - hypothermia - convulsions - death
46
opioids
effects... - euphoria - pain relief - reduced anxiety - sleep
47
caffeine
effects... - increased alertness - inhibits sleep bad effects... - headache - fatigue - heart rhythm abnormalities
48
nicotine
effects... - increased heart rate and blood pressure - reduced fatigue - improves cognitive performance - muscle relaxation
49
alcohol
effects... - dilates blood vesicles - warm and flushed feeling - reduces anxiety - more outgoing bad effects... - agression - risky behavior - poor coordination
50
4 main substance use disorders
1. imparted control 2. social impairments 3. risky use 4. pharmacological criteria

Psychology 1100 (12 decks)

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