Development

Question 1

genetic disposition, hereditary

Answer 1

nature

Question 2

life experiences (the environment)

Answer 2

nurture

Question 3

your genetic profile

Answer 3

genotype

Question 4

scientific field that attempts to identify and understand links between genetics and behavior

Answer 4

behavior genetics

Question 5

used to evaluate relative contributions of genetics and the environment

Answer 5

twin studies

Question 6

the probability that a trait in one person will be shared by another

Answer 6

concordance rates

Question 7

compare adopted children to their biological and adoptive parents

Answer 7

adoption studies

Question 8

the likelihood that variations observed in a population are due to genetics
- refers to population not individuals
- ranges from 0 to 1

Answer 8

heritability

Question 9

the likelihood that variations observed in a population are due to genetics

Answer 9

heritability

Question 10

what is hereditary influenced by

Answer 10

the environment

Question 11

the study of gene-enviornment interactions in the production of phenotypes

Answer 11

epigenetic

Question 12

suggests that cognition developed through regular stages

Answer 12

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

Question 13

what are the stages in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

Answer 13

Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

Question 14

characterized by coordination of sensory input and motor responses
- ability to sense and ability to move
- active exploration of the environment

Answer 14

sensorimotor (birth - 2 years)

Question 15

begins to develop schemas, or theories about or models of the way the world works

Answer 15

sensorimotor

Question 16

representation that we of the world around us

Answer 16

schemas

Question 17

incorporation new learning into an existing schema without revising the schema

Answer 17

assimilation

Question 18

child sees a different breed of dog and assimilates it into its schema for “dog”

Answer 18

assimilation

Question 19

incorporate new learning into an existing that requires schema revision

Answer 19

accommodation

Question 20

child sees a zebra for the first time and creates a new schema for zebra

Answer 20

accommodation

Question 21

the ability to form mental representations of objects that are no longer present
- emerges around the age of 8 months
- coincides with development of the frontal lobe

Answer 21

object permanence

Question 22

child begins to represent things with words and images but lacks logical reasoning
- language acquisition
- immature, illogical reasoning
- do not grasp concept of conservation

Answer 22

pre operational (2 - 6 years)

Question 23

understanding that changing an objects form/appearance does not change its quantity

Answer 23

conservation

Question 24

limitations on the ability to understand the point of view of other people

Answer 24

egocentrism

Question 25

refers to the understanding that others have thoughts that are different from one's own

Answer 25

theory of mind (TOM)

Question 26

child can reasons logically about concrete objects, but cannot yet think abstractly

Answer 26

concrete operational (6 - 11 years)

Question 27

child can reason abstractly and think in hypothetical terms - answers "what if" questions - think through alternatives to solve problems

Answer 27

formal operational (11+ years)

Question 28

is cognitive development more continuous or stage-like?

Answer 28

continuous

Question 29

prevailing patterns of mood, activity, and emotional responsiveness

Answer 29

temperament

Question 30

- social - vocal - happy - active

Answer 30

surgency / extraversion

Question 31

- angry - fearful - shy - frustrated

Answer 31

negative affect

Question 32

- pay attention - inhibit behavior

Answer 32

effortful control

Question 33

emotional bonding linking an infant and a caregiver

Answer 33

attachment

Question 34

- distressed when mom leaves, but happy when she returns - mom is a secure base to explore from

Answer 34

secure attachment

Question 35

- diverse patters - indifference or inconsistent reactions

Answer 35

insecure attachment

Question 36

what are the types of insecure attachment?

Answer 36

- avoidant - anxious-ambivalent - disorganized

Question 37

- indifferent - no distress when mom's gone, do not approach her when she returns

Answer 37

avoidant

Question 38

- anxious all the time, even with mom! - show great distress for her leaving, but reject her when she returns

Answer 38

anxious-ambivalent

Question 39

- inconsistent - seems dazed and confused

Answer 39

disorganized

Question 40

empathy and recognizing child's perspective

Answer 40

parental support

Question 41

- supervising behavior - consistent discipline - clear expectations

Answer 41

behavioral regulation

Question 42

- high parental support - high behavioral regulation

Answer 42

authoritative parent

Question 43

- low parental support - high parental regulation

Answer 43

authoritarian parent

Question 44

- high parental support - low behavioral regulation

Answer 44

indulgent parent

Question 45

- low parental support - low behavioral regulation

Answer 45

uninvolved parents

Question 46

period of development beginning with puberty and ending at young adulthood

Answer 46

adolescence

Question 47

a period of bodily changes leading to sexual maturiey

Answer 47

puberty

Question 48

- preconvential morality - conventional morality - post conventional morality

Answer 48

Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning

Question 49

moral choices are made according to expectation of punishment

Answer 49

pre conventional morality

Question 50

moral choices are made according to law of public opinion

Answer 50

conventional morality

Question 51

moral choices are made according to personal standards are reason

Answer 51

post conventional morality

Question 52

a constant, unified sense of self

Answer 52

identity

Question 53

- menopause for women; graying hair - tends to remain relatively stable - big changes in social work roles

Answer 53

midlife

Question 54

- gradual declines in sensory abilities - tends to remain relatively stable, only a minority of population experience dementia - increase emotional well being

Answer 54

late adulthood