Neuroscience

Question 1

brainstem

Answer 1

part of the brain that contains the medulla, pons, and midbrain

Question 2

pons

Answer 2

relays information from cerebellum to the rest of the brain

Question 3

axon terminal (synaptic terminal)

Answer 3

contains synaptic vesicles that contain neurotransmitters

Question 4

resting potential

Answer 4

the measure of the electrical charge across a neural membrane when the neuron is not processing information (nothing is flowing in or out of the cell)

Question 5

action potential

Answer 5

when he electrical charge inside the neuron reaches a high enough level relative to the outside

Question 6

cerebellum

Answer 6

participates in skilled movement and complex cognitive processing

Question 7

midbrain

Answer 7

lies between the pons and the cerebral hemispheres

Question 8

reticular formation

Answer 8

a collection of structures located along the midline of the brainstem

Question 9

basal ganglia

Answer 9

involved with voluntary movements

Question 10

nucleus accumbent

Answer 10

involved with addiction and reward

Question 11

broca’s area

Answer 11

area of the brain involved in speech production

Question 12

prefrontal cortex

Answer 12

involved with the planning of behavior, attention, and judgment

Question 13

obitofrontal cortex

Answer 13

impulse control

Question 14

parietal lobe

Answer 14

• primary somatosensory cortex
  
  • touch
  • pain
  • skin temperature

Question 15

peripheral nervous system (pns)

Answer 15

nerves exciting the cns that carry sensory and motor information to and from the rest of the body

Question 16

somatic nervous system

Answer 16

voluntary and conscious control

Question 17

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

• fight or flight

Question 18

biological psychology

Answer 18

the scientific study of the reciprocal connections between the structure and activity of the nervous system and behavior and mental process

Question 19

cell body

Answer 19

the large, central mass of a neuron, containing the nucleus

Question 20

dendrites

Answer 20

a branch from the neural cell body that usually receives input from other neurons

Question 21

axon

Answer 21

the branch of a neuron that is usually responsible for carrying information to other neurons

Question 22

myelin sheath

Answer 22

• insulating material coverage of some actions
• speeds of the process of electrical messages

Question 23

nodes of ranvier

Answer 23

• breaks in the myelin sheath
• electrical impulses jump from node to node, speeding the conduction of information down the axon

Question 24

glial cells

Answer 24

nervous system cells that perform a variety of support functions, including formation of the blood-brain barrier and myelin

Question 25

ions

Answer 25

small electrically charged molecules

Question 26

threshold

Answer 26

when the electrical charge inside the neuron reaches a high enough level of relative to the outside an action potential occurs

Question 27

refractory period

Answer 27

the time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated

Question 28

synapse

Answer 28

the region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of cell body of another

Question 29

neurotransmitters

Answer 29

chemical messages that transmit information across the synapse from one neurons to another dendrite

Question 30

excitatory messages

Answer 30

- tells the neuron to active another action potential - keeps the messages going to other neurons

Question 31

inhibitory messages

Answer 31

- tells the neuron to stop another action potential - keeps the messages from going further

Question 32

cns

Answer 32

- brain and spinal cord - receives sensory information from the external world - processes and coordinates information - sends information to the skeletal and muscular systems for action

Question 33

spinal cord

Answer 33

- bundle of nerve fibers - pathway from the brain - initiates reflexes without assistance from the brain

Question 34

medulla

Answer 34

responsible for vital functions

Question 35

cerebral cortex

Answer 35

- outermost layer of the brain - visible to the naked eye

Question 36

thalamus

Answer 36

relays and filters informations from the senses and transmits information to the cerebral cortex

Question 37

hypothalamus

Answer 37

- 4 f's - feeding - fornication - fleeing - fighting

Question 38

hippocampus

Answer 38

new memories then integrated into long-term memory

Question 39

amygdala

Answer 39

process fear and egressing

Question 40

cerebral cortex lobes

Answer 40

- frontal - parietal - occipital - temporal

Question 41

frontal lobe

Answer 41

- front of the brain - planning - judgement - problem solving - memory

Question 42

occipital lobe

Answer 42

primary visual cortex

Question 43

temporal lobe

Answer 43

primary auditory cortex

Question 44

wernicke's area

Answer 44

comprehension of speech

Question 45

mirror neurons

Answer 45

neurons that help us understand emotions and actions of other people

Question 46

corpus callosum

Answer 46

supports communication across the hemispheres

Question 47

brain plasticity

Answer 47

the ability for the brains to reorganize neural pathways based on new experiences

Question 48

lateralization

Answer 48

localization of a function in either the right or left cerebral hemisphere

Question 49

autonomic nervous system

Answer 49

involuntary and automatic commands

Question 50

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 50

rest and digest

Question 51

enteric nervous system

Answer 51

control motor functions, local blood flow, mucosal transport and secretions, and modulates immune and endocrine functions