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28 GI drugs > Constipation > Flashcards

Flashcards in Constipation Deck (23)
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1
Q

Groups of drugs used for constipation (4 groups)

A

Prokinetic drugs
Muscarinic receptor antagonists
Laxatives
Serotonin agonists

2
Q

Serotonin agonists - MOA (for constipation)

A

Promotes motility by activation of 5-HT4 receptors causing release of ACh from intrinsic submucosal neurons.

3
Q

Prokinetic drugs (1 drug)

A

Metoclopramide

4
Q

Metoclopramide - indications

A

GERD, diabetic gastroparesis, antiemesis.

5
Q

Metoclopramide - MOA

A

Block dopamine D2 receptors, releasing ACh.
Increased motility and resting pressure at lower esphageal sphincter.
Blocks D2 and 5-HT3 receptors in CTZ

6
Q

Metoclopramide - contraindications

A

Pt with seizures, mechanical GI obstruction or hemorrhage, pheochromocytoma

7
Q

Metoclopramide - adverse effects

A

Seizures, hyperprolactinemia.

8
Q

Muscarinic receptor antagonists (5 drugs)

A
Atropine
Hyoscyamine
Dicyclomine
Scopolamine
Pirenzepine
9
Q

Which muscarinic receptor antagonist is used in PUD?

A

Pirenzepine

10
Q

Muscarinic receptor antagonists - indications

A

Relief of intestinal cramping and pain.

11
Q

Laxatives - groups

A

Bulk-forming laxatives
Surfactant laxatives
Osmotic laxatives

12
Q

What are the safest types of laxatives?

A

Bulk-formin laxatives

13
Q

Bulk-forming laxatives (2 drugs)

A

Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid

Calcium polycarbophil

14
Q

Bulk-forming laxatives - MOA

A

Absorb and retain water, increasing the mass of the intestinal material. Mechanical distention stimulate peristalsis

15
Q

Bulk-forming laxatives - indications

A

Chronic constipation.

Diarrhea

16
Q

Surfactant laxatives (2 drugs)

A

Docusate sodium

Docusate calcium

17
Q

Surfactant laxatives - indications

A

Hemorrhoids

Post abd surgery

18
Q

Surfactant laxatives - MOA

A

Incorporate water to fatty intestinal material

19
Q

Osmotic laxatives - groups with examples

A

Poorly absorbed salts (saline laxatives): magnesium oxide and sodium phosphate
Poorly absorbed sugars: Lactulose, PEG
Stimulant (secretory) laxatives: bisacodyl

20
Q

Osmotic laxatives - MOA

A

Attract and retain water. Increased intraluminal pressure and stimulate peristalsis

21
Q

Poorly absorbed sugars - indications

A

Chronic constipation

22
Q

Lubiprostone - indications

A

Chronic idiopathic constipation, IBS with constipation

23
Q

Lubiprostone - MOA

A

Activates chloride CIC-2 channel in the intestinal lumen. Stimulation of chloride-rich fluid which increases intestinal motility