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NME > Contents of the Abdomen > Flashcards

Contents of the Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

anatomical regions of the abdomen

A
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2
Q

quadrants of the abdomen

A
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3
Q

Origins of Viscera:

A
  • foregut
  • midgut
  • hindgut
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4
Q

Foregut & its Derivatives:

A
  • all structures proximal to the major papilla
  • stomach
  • duodenum
  • liver and billiary tract
  • spleen
  • pancreas
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5
Q

Midgut & its Derivatives:

A
  • all structures distal to the major papilla to
    2/3rd along transverse colon
  • duodenum small intestine
  • ascending colon
  • caecum
  • appendix
  • transverse colon
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6
Q

Hindgut & its Derivatives:

A
  • all structures beyond distal 1/3rd transverse
    colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • rectum
  • anal canal
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7
Q

Functions of the GI Tract:

A
  • Ingestion
  • Secretion (digestive fluids)
  • Mixing and Propulsion
  • Digestion (breaking down)
  • Absorption
  • Defecation
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8
Q

Key Histological Layers:

A
  • Serosa
  • Muscularis propria/externa
  • Submucosa
  • Mucosa
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9
Q

Serosa/Adventitia

A

an outer covering (peritoneum)

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10
Q

Muscularis Propria/Externa

A
  • longitudinal (outer) and circular (inner)
  • responsible for peristalsis (forward
    movements) of contents
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11
Q

Submucosa

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics
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12
Q

Mucosa:

A
  • 3 subdivisions: epithelium (glandular), lamina
    propria (loos connective tissue), muscularis
    mucosa (smooth muscle)
  • inner layer
  • secretory to aid peristalsis
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13
Q

Key Histological Layers

A
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14
Q

What is the most dilated part of the GI Tract?

A

Stomach

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15
Q

Stomach:
- where is it situated
- shape
- muscle layers

A
  • between the oesophagus and small intestine
  • J-shaped
  • three layers of muscle: longitudinal, circular,
    oblique
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16
Q

Functions of the Stomach:

A
  • mechanical (muscle)
  • chemical (gastric juices) initial phase of
    digestion
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17
Q

Anatomy of Stomach (5):

A
  • Cardia: Cardiac Sphincter
  • Pylorus: Pyloric Sphincter
  • Lesser Curvature: superior right border
  • Greater Curvature: inferior left border
  • Antrum
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18
Q

Small Intestine:
- is
- from where
- how long

A
  • convoluted tube
  • pylorus of stomach to ileocaecal junction
  • 5/6 meters in length
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19
Q

Small Intestine is subdivided into:

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
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20
Q

Functions of the Small Intestine:

A
  • digestion
  • absorption
21
Q

Duodenum:
- how long
- location
- Shape and divisions
- joining of
- ends

A
  • 20-25 cm
  • retroperitoneal locations (except first 2 cm)
  • C shaped: 4 parts: superior, descending,
    horizontal, ascending
  • Medial border 2nd part:
    - pancreatic duct + common bile duct join to
    form hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of
    vater) to drain at the major duodenal
    papilla
  • ends at the duodenojujenal junction (flexure)
22
Q

Jejunum and Ileum:
- how long
- situated
- anchored to posterior abdominal wall by

A
  • approx 3m
  • from duodenojujenal junction to ileocaecal
    junction
  • anchored to posterior abdominal wall by
    peritoneal mesentery
23
Q

Jejunum and Ileum Function:

A
  • site of absorption:
    • large surface area
    • increased by circular folds + villi + microvilli
    • motility
24
Q

Duodenum

A
25
Q

Jejunum:

  • what % of small intestine
  • characterised by
  • arcades
A
  • 40% of small intestine
  • multiple folds with pronounced villi
  • Arcades: fewer vessels, long vasa recta
26
Q

Ileum:

  • what % of small intestine
  • characterised by
  • arcades:
A
  • 60% of small intestine
  • thin walls and less fat in mesentery
  • arcades: many but short vasa recta
27
Q

Large Intestine:
- location
- comprises of
- length

A
  • ilocaecal junction to anal canal
  • comprises of colon, rectum and anus
  • 1.5m in length: large surface area
28
Q

Large Intestine:
- subdivisions

A
  • ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
    and caecaum
  • hepatic flexure consists of ascending and
    transverse
  • splenic flexure consists of transverse and
    descending
29
Q

Anatomy of Large Intestine

A
30
Q

Large Intestine: Rectum:

A
  • 15cm long
  • Rectosigmoid junction
31
Q

Large Intestine: Anal Canal:

A

anal sphincters

32
Q

Function of Large Intestine:

A
  • absorption of water, forms and expels faeces
    (defecation)
33
Q

Three main branches of the abdominal aorta to the three sections of GI Tract:

A
  • coeliac trunk/artery
  • superior mesenteric artery
  • inferior mesenteric artery
34
Q

Blood Supply to GI Tract:

A
35
Q

Coeliac Trunk:

  • arises from
  • 3 main branches for foregut and what each supplies
A
  • arises from the aorta at T12
  • Branches:
    • left gastric artery (supplies stomach)
    • splenic artery (supplies spleen)
    • common hepatic artery (supplies liver, gallbladder,
      stomach, duodenum and pancreas)
36
Q

Venous drainage of GI Tract structures that are supplied by the coeliac trunk:

A
  • stomach: local branches drain into the Portal Vein
  • spleen: splenic vein: joins superior mesenteric vein to
    form the portal vein
  • liver: hepatic veins: drain into the IVC
37
Q

Label the branches of the coeliac trunk

A
38
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery:
- arises from
- supplies
- branches (4)

A
  • arises from the abdominal aorta at L1
  • supplies distal part of duodenum to proximal 2/3
    transverse colon
  • Branches:
    • Jejunal and Ileal branches
    • Middle Colic
    • Right Colic
    • Ileocolic
39
Q

Branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery

A
40
Q

Venous Drainage of the Small Intestine:

A

All branches of the superior mesenteric artery drain into the Superior Mesenteric Vein

41
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery:
- arises from
- supplies
- branches (3)

A
  • arises from the abdominal aorta at L3
  • supplies distal 1/3 transverse colon to upper half of
    anal canal
  • Branches:
    • left colic
    • sigmoid
    • superior rectal
42
Q

Branches of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery:

A
43
Q

Venous Drainage of the Colon and Rectum:

A

All branches of the inferior Mesenteric Artery drain into the Inferior Mesenteric Vein, which drains into the Splenic Vein

44
Q

Lymph nodes of the GI Tract:

A
45
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of foregut, midgut and hindgut:

A
  • Thoracoabdominal splanchnic nerves:
    - Greater Splanchnic Nerve (T5-T9): Foregut
    - Lesser Splanchnic Nerve (T10/11): Midgut
    - Least Splanchnic Nerve (T12): Hindgut
    - Lumbar Splanchnic Nerve (L1-2): Hindgut: Pelvis
    - Sacral Splanchnic Nerve (S2-S4): Hindgut: Pelvis
46
Q

Innervation of the foregut, midgut and hindgut: Label and mark which nerves are sympathetic and parasympathetic.

A
47
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the foregut, midgut and hindgut:

A
  • Vagus (CNX): Foregut and Midgut
  • Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (S2-S4): Hindgut
48
Q

Blood/Nerves/Lymphs of the Gut

A
49
Q
A

NME (52 decks)

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