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Understanding the Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards

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1
Q

Boundaries of the Abdominal Wall:
- superiorly?
- inferiorly?
- posteriorly?
- anterolaterally?

A
  • Superior - Costal margin, Xiphoid process
  • Inferior - Pelvic bones, iliac crest
  • Posterior - Lumbar vertebrae
  • Anterolateral - Abdominal muscles
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2
Q

Boundaries of the Abdominal Cavity:
- superiorly?
- inferiorly?
- posteriorly?
- anterolaterally?

A
  • Superior - Diaphragm
  • Inferior – Pelvic inlet
  • Posterior – Abdominal wall muscles
  • Anterolateral - Abdominal wall muscles
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3
Q

Boundaries/Contents of the pelvic cavity:
- superiorly?
- posteriorly?
- anteriorly?
- inferiorly?
- laterally?

A
  • Superiorly – pelvic brim
  • Posteriorly - sacrum and coccyx
  • Anterior – pubic symphysis
  • Floor – pelvic floor muscles
  • Lateral – Obturator internus
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4
Q

Five main layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall:

A
  • Skin
  • Superficial fascia: Camper’s (fatty) and Scarpa’s (membranous)
  • Muscles: Obliques (lateral), Rectus Abdominis (anterior)
  • Deep Fascia: Transversalis Fascia
  • Peritoneum: Parietal, Visceral
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5
Q

Abbrieviation to remember the five main layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall:

A
  • SSMDP
  • skin, superficial fascia, muscles, deep fascia, peritoneum
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6
Q

Abbrieviation to remember the five main layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall:

A
  • SSMDP
  • skin, superficial fascia, muscles, deep fascia, peritoneum
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7
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A
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8
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A
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9
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A
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10
Q

Layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall

A
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11
Q

Muscle of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall: What is the function of the external oblique muscle?

A

Works with the internal oblique muscle for torisional movement of the trunk

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12
Q

Muscle of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall: What is the function of the internal oblique muscle?

A

flex and rotate trunk; compress viscera

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13
Q

Muscle of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall: What is the function of the transversus abdominis?

A

compress and support viscera

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14
Q

Muscle of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall: What is the function of the rectus abdominis?

A

flexes trunk; compress viscera

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15
Q

Muscles of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall:

A
  • external oblique
  • works with the internal oblique for torsional movement of the trunk
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16
Q

Muscles of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall:

A
  • internal oblique
  • flex and rotate trunk; compress viscera
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17
Q

Muscles of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall:

A
  • transversus abdominis
  • compress and support viscera
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18
Q

Muscles of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall:

A
  • rectus abdominis
  • flexes trunk; compress viscera
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19
Q

Formation of Rectus Sheath

A
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20
Q

Abdominal Wall Blood Supply: Centrally:

A
  • Superior epigastric artery, arises
    from the internal thoracic artery
  • Inferior Epigastric artery, arises
    from external iliac artery, enters
    rectus sheath at Arcuate line
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21
Q

Abdominal Wall Blood Supply: Laterally:

A

Musculophrenic artery, Deep Circumflex Iliac artery, Subcostal artery

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22
Q

Abdominal Wall Blood Supply: Venous Drainage:

A
  • corresponds to the named arteries
  • superior epigastric veins and
    superficial iliac veins drain into
    Great Saphenous Vein
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23
Q

Foregut:

A
  • upto duodenum proximal to major
    papilla
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • proximal half duodenum
  • liver pancreas
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24
Q

Midgut:

A
  • distal to major papilla
  • distal half duodenum, Jejunum,
    Ileum, Cecum, Ascending & 3/4
    transverse colon
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25
The primitive gut is held in position by
mesenteries (a structure of mesodermal origin), which is formed by a double layer of peritoneum
26
The primitive gut
27
What is the exception the ventral mesentery degeneration?
foregut
28
Peritoneum and Mesentery
29
Dorsal Mesentery attaches
gut organs to the posterior anterior abdominal wall
30
Dorsal Mesentery gives rise to (4)(3):
- Greater Omentum - Gastrosplenic ligament - Gastrophrenic ligament - Gastrocolic ligament - Splenorenal ligament - Mesentery of the small and large bowel
31
Ventral Mesentery gives rise to (3)(2):
- ligaments around the liver - Falciform ligament - Lesser Omentum: - hepatogastric ligament - hepatoduodenal ligament
32
The gut developed from what embryological structure?
endoderm
33
Ventral Mesentery attaches
34
Peritoneum
layer of serous membrane comprising of connective tissue and squamous epithelium, which lines the abdominal cavity
35
Two components of the peritoneum:
- parietal peritoneum - visceral peritoneum
36
Parietal Peritoneum adheres to (3):
- anterior and posterior abdominal walls - undersurface of the diaphragm - cavity of the pelvis
37
Outside parietal peritoneum is
extraperitoneal connective tissue, which adheres to: - loose areola tissue - dense, fibrous tissue - fat - closely related to the deep layer of abdominal muscles
38
The parietal peritoneum anchors --------- structures such as (3):
- retroperitoneal structures - pancreas - duodenum - ascending and descending colon
39
Innervation of the parietal peritoneum
- segmental spinal nerves - intercostal, diaphragm, lumbar
40
Visceral Peritoneum
- extension of the parietal peritoneum - invests the viscera: - passes over the front of organs (duodenum, right and left colon) - 2 leaves lying together which splits around an organ, forming a mesentery - spaces and recesses: pelvic organs project into the pelvis (rectum, uterus, bladder)
41
Innervation of the Visceral Peritoneum
visceral nerves
42
Peritoneal Cavity
- potential speace between serous coated organs - small volume of fluid to lubricate - two spaces: greater sac (Coelom), Lesser Sac, outpouch of greater sac behind stomach)
43
Peritoneal Cavity
44
Greater Sac: Supra Colic Compartment:
- above transverse mesocolon - Upper abdominal Organs: - stomach - liver and biliary tree - pancreas - spleen - lives under the costal margin, below the diaphragm
45
Supra Colic Compartment: Greater Sac: Location:
46
Greater Sac: Supra Colic Compartment: Investing peritoneum of upper abdominal organs:
- Includes stomach from oesophagus to 1st part of duodenum - Support ligaments – gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, spleno-renal
47
Greater Sac: Supra Colic Compartment: Greater Omentum:
- two layers which are fused and extend from the stomach and proximal duodenum to lay over the infracolic compartment contents - contains fat, blood vessels and lymphatics
48
Greater Sac: Supra Colic Compartment: Lesser Omentum:
- Investing peritoneum of stomach joins to form a fold: - Right border of oesophagus - Lesser curve of stomach to 1st part of duodenum - Extends upwards to undersurface of left lobe of liver upper abdominal organs
49
Omentum Diagram:
50
Greater Sac: Supra Colic Compartment: Lesser Sac: Outpouching of Greater Sac:
- outpouching of Greater Sac: behind the stomach, anterior to pancreas and great vessels in the retroperitoneum
51
Greater Sac: Supra Colic Compartment: Lesser Sac: Communication with Greater Sac:
- Epiploic Foramen: - anterior: hepatoduodenal ligament, hepatogastric ligament - posterior: IVC, right crus of diaphragm - superior: caudate lobe of liver - inferior: superior part of the abdomen
52
Greater Sac: Infra-Colic Compartment:
- below transverse mesocolon - para-colic gutters: right and left - infracolic compartment: right and left
53
Greater Sac: Infra-colic Compartment: Para-colic Gutters: Right Para-Colic Gutter:
- upper pole right kidney - undersurface right lobe of liver (hepato-renal pouch) - lateral to ascending colon and caecum to pelvic cavity
54
Greater Sac: Infra-colic Compartment: Para-colic Gutters: Left Para-Colic Compartment:
- wholly infracolic - bound superiorly by the phrenicocolic ligament - left side of transverse mesocolon - pelvic cavity
55
Greater Sac: Infra-Colic Compartment:
56
Greater Sac: Infra-Colic Compartment:
- divided by root of small bowel mesentery attachment to the posterior abdominal wall - 15cm, Duodeno-jujunal flexure obliquely to right illiac fossa - fans out to up to 6m small bowel: jejunum and ileum - contains small intestine, ascending and descending colon)
57
Greater Sac: Right Infra-Colic Compartment:
- laterally (right of) caecum and ascending colon - medially small bowel mesentery - upper limit: right half of transverse colon - Upper aspect overlies 3rd/4th part of the duodeum and lower pole of right kidney
58
Greater Sac: Left Infra-Colic Compartment:
- laterally (left of) descending colon - medially small bowel mesentery - upper limit left half of transverse mesocolon - sweeps down into the pelvis
59
Peritoneal Reflections and Folds (3):
- Vesico-uterine pouch - Recto-uterine pouch - Recto-vesicle pouch
60
Pelvic Pouches
61
Peritoneum Function: - parietal - visceral - -
- Parietal: innervated by somatic nerves, pain sensitive - Visceral: innervated by autonomic nerves, pain insensitive - Fluid Exchange: peritoneal dialysis - Infection: - contains phagocytes to protect viscera - mesothelial cells transform to fibroblasts for healing - greater omentum physically protects
62
Peritonitis:
- inflammation of the peritoneum - appendicitis - appendix mass - abscess - perforation

NME (52 decks)

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