Contraception Flashcards
What are the different methods of contraception?
Natural methods Prevent sperm entering ejaculate Prevent sperm reaching cervix Prevent ovulation Inhibit transportation along the fallopian tube Inhibit sperm passing through cervix Inhibit implantation
What are the Natural methods of contraception?
Abstinence
Coitus interuptus - BUT sperm in pre-ejaculate
Rhythm/Cycle method - BUT need a regular cycle
What is the fertile period?
Approximately day 7 to day 16 as sperm can survive for maximum of 7 days in uterine and ovum survival is 1 day
How can you prevent the sperm entering the ejaculate as contraception?
Vasectomy - The Vas defens is divided bilaterally
How can you prevent sperm reaching the cervix as contraception?
Condoms
Diaphragm - Lies diagonally across the cervix, holds sperm in acidic environment of the vagina to reduce their survival time
Cap - Fits across the cervix, physical barrier
How can you prevent ovulation as contraception?
Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill
Depot progesterone
Progesterone only pill (POP/Mini pill)
Progesterone implants
How does the Combined Oral contraceptive pill work?
Has oestrogen and progesterone
Negative feedback to the Hypothalamic pituitary axis, inhibits follicular development
Oestrogen - loss of positive feedback mid cycle so no LH surge and no ovulation
How does the Depot progesterone injection work?
3 monthly injections of progesterone
Negative feedback effect to inhibit ovulation
How does the Progesterone only pill work?
Low dose progesterone
MAY inhibit ovulation
Makes the cervical mucus hostile so sperm cannot pass through the cervix
How does the Progesterone implant work?
MAY inhibit ovulation
Makes the cervical mucus hostile so sperm cannot pass through the cervix
How can you Inhibit transport along the fallopian tube as contraception?
Sterilisation - occlude the tube using clips, rings or ligation (Can recanalise)
How can you Inhibit sperm passing through the cervix as contraception?
Make the cervical mucus thick and hostile, OCP Depot progesterone, POP, Progesterone implant
Main action of POP and Progesterone implant
How can you inhibit implantation as contraception?
Post coital pill
Hormonal
Intra-Uterine device
What is the Post coital pill?
‘Morning after pill’
Can be used up to 72 hours after
High dose of Oestrogen & Progesterone or Progesterone only
Disrupts ovulation, blocks implantation, impairs luteal function
What hormonal contraceptives inhibit implantation as contraception?
OCP POP Depot progesterone Progesterone implant *Affect receptivity of endometrium. Absence of corpus luteum prevents preparation of the endometrium*
