Session 5

Question 1

Where do the ovaries develop?

Answer 1

In the mesonephric ridge, then descend into the pelvis via the abdomen

Question 2

What is the arterial supply to the ovary?

Answer 2

Ovarian artery (A branch of the Abdominal Aorta)

Question 3

What is the venous drainage of the ovary?

Answer 3

Right ovarian vein drains into the IVC

Left ovarian vein drains into the Left renal vein

Question 4

What are the parts of the uterus?

Answer 4

Fundus
Body
Uterine tubes
Cervix

Question 5

What is the anterior peritoneal pouch?

Answer 5

Uterovesicular pouch

Question 6

What is the posterior peritoneal pouch?

Answer 6

Rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas)
*Deepest recess in the peritoneum)

Question 7

What is important about the Posterior fornix?

Answer 7

It is the deepest point of the rectouterine pouch

There is also an Anterior fornix

Question 8

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 8

A peritoneal fold in the female pelvis. It has a large amount of neurovascular supplies in it.
It is a mesentery which allows the uterus to be mobile

Question 9

What is the round ligament?

Answer 9

The remnant of the gubernaculum

It branches off the uterus, travels through the inguinal canal to the labia majora where it attaches

Question 10

How can issues with the female gonads manifest themselves in the inguinal nodes?

Answer 10

Because of the course of the round ligament

Question 11

What is the normal position of the uterus?

Answer 11

Anteverted (In relation to the axis of the vagina)

Anteflexed (In relation to the axis of the cervix)

Question 12

Why is the uterine tube open?

Answer 12

Open at the end of the fimbrae as they need to collect the oocyte when it is released from the ovary

Question 13

What are the sections of the uterine tube?

Answer 13

Abdominal ostium
Fimbria
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

Question 14

Why are females more likely to develop Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

Answer 14

The peritoneal cavity is open via the ostium of the uterine tube. Lower reproductive tract infections can ascend then involve the peritneum

Question 15

What are the 3 parts of the Cervix?

Answer 15

Internal os
Endocervical canal
External os

Question 16

Why is the Ureter at risk in surgery on the female reproductive tract?

Answer 16

It passes under the uterine artery which is usually involved in the surgical procedure Especially hysterectomys

Question 17

What is the Transverse cervical ligament?

Answer 17

Thickening at the base of the broad ligament

It supplies lateral stability of the cervix

Question 18

What is the Uterosacral ligament?

Answer 18

Opposes anterior pull of the round ligament

Assists in maintaining anteversion stability posteriorly

Question 19

Where does the Pubovesical ligament attach?

Answer 19

Bladder
Pubis bone
Aids continence

Question 20

Why is the blood supply to the female reproductive tract rich with many anastomoses?

Answer 20

To support embryogenesis

Question 21

What is the origin of the Uterine artery?

Answer 21

Anterior division of the Internal iliac artery

Question 22

What is the origin of the Internal Pudendal artery?

Answer 22

Anterior division of the Internal iliac artery

Question 23

What is the Vaginal artery a branch of?

Answer 23

The Internal iliac artery

Question 24

What group of lymph nodes does the Fundus of the Uterus drain to?

Answer 24

Aortic nodes and some superficial inguinal nodes (Due to the route of the round ligament)

Question 25

What group of lymph nodes do the Ovaries drain to?

Answer 25

Para Aortic nodes

Question 26

What group of lymph nodes does the Body of the Uterus drain to?

Answer 26

External iliac nodes

Question 27

What group of lymph nodes does the Cervix drain to?

Answer 27

External & Internal iliac nodes | Sacral nodes

Question 28

What do the Labia Majora develop from?

Answer 28

The labiosacral folds

Question 29

What do the Labia Majora enclose?

Answer 29

The pudendal cleft

Question 30

What do the Labia Minora enclose?

Answer 30

The vestibule of the vagina (Bulbs of vestibule & Clitoris)

Question 31

What does the Vestibule contain?

Answer 31

Orifices of the Urethra, vagina and greater & lesser vestibular glands

Question 32

What is another name for the greater vestibular glands?

Answer 32

Bartholin glands

Question 33

What pathology can occur in the greater vestibular glands?

Answer 33

Bartholinitis (Infection or Inflammation) | Bartholin gland cyst (Swelling in the vestibule)

Question 34

What are the vaginal fornices?

Answer 34

Recesses of the vagina around the cervix. | They project superiorly whilst the cervix projects inferiorly

Question 35

What is Culdocentesis?

Answer 35

Allows access to the peritoneal cavity (and anything that may be collecting in it) via the posterior fornix

Question 36

What innervates the inferior 1/3 of the vagina?

Answer 36

Somatic innervation from the Pudendal nerve

Question 37

What innervates the superior 4/5 of the vagina and uterus?

Answer 37

Uterovaginal plexus

Question 38

What innervates above and below the pelvic pain line?

Answer 38

``` Above = Inferior thoracic lumbar spinal ganglia Below = S2-S4 spinal ganglia ```

Question 39

What innervates the Perineum?

Answer 39

``` Pudendal nerve (S2-S4 somatic) Ilioinguinal nerve ```

Question 40

Where does the Pudendal nerve exit the pelvis?

Answer 40

Via the greater sciatic foramen | Then enters the perineum via the lesser sciatic foramen and travels through the Pudendal canal