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Reproductive system > Session 6 > Flashcards

Session 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Why has there been a large increase in the incidence of STIs?

A 
Increased transmission
Increased GUM attendance
Increased awareness
Improved diagnostic methods
Increased use of screening programmes
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2
Q

What are some of the morbidities associated with STIs?

A 
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Impaired fertility
Reproductive tract cancers
Risk of Blood Borne Virus infection
Risk of congenital infection of neonate
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3
Q

What are the specific risk groups for STIs?

A

Young
Minority
Low Socio-economic status
Poor education

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4
Q

How can you treat STIs?

A 
Antibiotics
Antivirals
Screen for other STIs as co-infections are common
Contact tracing
Advise abstinence
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5
Q

What are some of the viruses that cause STIs?

A

HPV

BBV

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6
Q

What are some of the bacteria that cause STIs?

A 
Chlamydia trachomatis (Obligate intracellular bacterium)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Treponema pallidum (Syphillis)
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7
Q

What are some of the fungi that cause STIs?

A

Candida species
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Myoplasma horminis

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8
Q

What are some of the protozoa that cause STIs?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis (Underecognised in the UK)

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9
Q

What are some of the arthropods that cause STIs?

A

Scabies mite

Public louse

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10
Q

What are some examples of Genital tract infections?

A 
Ulcers
Warts
Urethritis
Vulvo vaginalis
Prostatitis
Epididymitis
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11
Q

What are the symptoms of Urethritis?

A

Discharge
Dysuria
Frequency

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12
Q

What does the Human Papillomavirus cause?

A

Genital warts
Benign epithelial/mucosal outgrowths
Cervical/anogenital cancer

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13
Q

What does the Herpes simplex virus cause?

A

Extensive painful genital ulceration

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14
Q

How do you treat Herpes?

A

Smear and swab of vesicle fluid and/or ulcer base

Treat with aciclovir (Antiviral that is only activated by cells that have the virus)

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15
Q

What does Chlamydia trachomatis cause?

A

Non specific genital chlamydial infections
Inflammation of areas of the tract
Conjuctivitis if inoculated into the eye

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16
Q

How do you treat Chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

17
Q

What is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

A gram negative intracellular diplococcus

18
Q

What does Neisseria gonorrhoeae cause in males?

A

Urethritis
Proctitis
Prostatitis
Epidymitis

19
Q

What does Neisseria gonorrhoeae cause in females?

A 
Endocervitis
Urethritis
PID
Asymptomatic
If disseminated can cause bacteraemia or skin/joint lesions
20
Q

How do you diagnose and treat Neusseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Smear & culture

Intramuscular injection of ceftriaxone (Ciprofloxacin used to be used, but now resistance is too common)

21
Q

What is Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Flagellated protozoan whihc causes Trichomonas vaginitis

22
Q

What are the symptoms of Trichomonas vaginitis?

A

Thin, frothy offensive discharge
Irritation
Dysuria
Vaginal inflammation

23
Q

How do you diagnose Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Vaginal wet preparation and or culture enhancement

24
Q

How do you treat Trichomonas vaginitis?

A

Metronidazole (Also treats c. diff and other anaerobes or protozoa)

25
Q

What are the 4 stages of Syphillis?

A 
Caused by Treponema pallidum
1 = Indurated, painless ulcer
2 = 6-8 weeks later, fever rash mucosal lesions lymphadenopathy
LATENT - Symptom free
3 = Chronic granulomatous lesions
4 = CVS & CNS pathology
26
Q

How do you diagnose and treat syphillis?

A

Serology, dark field microscopy

Treat with penicillin

27
Q

What are some examples of Non sexually transmitted GTIs?

A 
Vulvo vaginal candidiasis (Younger people)
Bacterial vaginosis (Middle aged people0
28
Q

What causes Vulvo vaginal candidiasis?

A

Candida species such as albicans

29
Q

What are the risk factors for Vulvo vaginal candidiasis?

A 
Antibiotics
Oral contraceptives
Pregnancy
Obesity
Diabetes
30
Q

How do you diagnose and treat Vulvo vaginal candidiasis?

A

Vaginal smear and culture
Topical azoles or nystatin
Oral fluconazole

31
Q

What causes Bacterial vaginosis?

A

Pertubed normal flora eg Gardnerella

32
Q

What is the symptoms of Bacterial vaginosis?

A

Offensive fishy discharge

33
Q

How do you diagnose and treat Bacterial vaginosis?

A

KOH whiff test
Decreased lactobacilli
pH >5
Treat with metronidazole

Reproductive system (16 decks)

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