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Reproductive system > Session 2 > Flashcards

Session 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 glands that make the Pituitary gland?

A

Anterior

Posterior

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2
Q

What does the Anterior Pituitary gland arise from?

A

Rathke’s pouch in the roof of the mouth and then migrates.

It is NOT nervous tissue

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3
Q

What does the Posterior Pituitary gland arise from?

A

Nervous tissue. It is a neurosecretory gland

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4
Q

What does the Anterior Pituitary gland secrete?

A

Mainly trophic hormones.
Glycoprotein hormones - FSH, LH, TSH
Polypeptide hormones - GH, ACTH, Prolactin

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5
Q

What cells secrete FSH & LH?

A

Gonadotrophs

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6
Q

What cells secrete TSH?

A

Thyrotrophs

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7
Q

What cells secrete GH?

A

Somatotrophs

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8
Q

What cells secrete ACTH?

A

Corticotrophs

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9
Q

What cells secrete Prolactin?

A

Lactotrophs

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10
Q

What does the Posterior Pituitary gland secrete?

A

ADH

Oxytocin

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11
Q

What controls Anterior Pituitary gland secrete?

A

Hypothalamus via Releasing hormones

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12
Q

How do Releasing hormones travel to the Anterior Pituitary gland?

A

Hypophyseal portal circulation (Released from Median eminence –> Anterior Pituitary)

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13
Q

What hormone does the Hypothalamus use to control FSH & LH?

A

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Release is pulsatile (Around once per hour)

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14
Q

What is the effect of GnRH?

A

Stimulates the Gonadotrophs to secrete FSH & LH.

Response is variable

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15
Q

What is the primary tissue that FSH & LH act on?

A

Gonads

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16
Q

What does the action of FSH & LH on Gonads cause?

A

Stimulates the secretion of gonadal steroids that will go on to control other reproductive processes.

17
Q

What acts as negative feedback on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis?

A

FSH & LH

18
Q

What is GnRH secretion controlled by?

A

Neurones that are influenced by;

  • Other neurones in the brain (Allows influence of environmental factors)
  • Feedback from the gonads
19
Q

What causes an increase in Inhibin secretion?

A

Increased Spermatogenesis

20
Q

Where does Inhibit act?

A

On the Anterior Pituitary gland

21
Q

What is the effect of increased Inhibin?

A

Decrease in FSH secretion, therefore Sertoli cells are stimulated less

22
Q

How does the Testosterone level vary?

A

Long term it is constant, but in the short term it varies via a Circadian rhythm

  • Peaks in the morning
  • Lowest levels in the evening
23
Q

How can Testosterone be influenced by the environment?

A

Different stimuli can cause an increase in Testosterone levels

24
Q

In males, how does Testosterone effect FSH & LH?

A

It causes the levels to decrease

25
Q

In females, how does Oestrogen effect FSH & LH?

A

Normal levels = Decrased FSH & LH

High levels = Increased FSH & LH

26
Q

In males, how does Testosterone effect GnRH?

A

Decreases its secretion

27
Q

In females, how does Oestrogen effect GnRH?

A

Normal levels = Decreased GnRH

High levels = Increased GnRH

28
Q

How does the LH surge occur?

A

Oestrogen levels are above a threshold point which causes GnRH to be high. This causes lots of GnRH to be secreted in a positive feedback loop

29
Q

How does Progesterone change the effects of Oestrogen?

A

When Progesterone is high, the inhibitory effects of Oestrogen are increased. It also prevents positive feedback of the high levels of Oestrogen resulting in no LH surge

30
Q

What produces Inhibin?

A

The gametes, therefore the more gametes there are the more Inhibin

31
Q

Inhibition from the gonads selectively suppresses which hormone?

A

FSH

No effect on LH

32
Q

How are the Testosterone levels maintained?

A

Negative feedback control

33
Q

How does the negative feedback control effect Testosterone levels?

A

FSH binds to Sertoli cells (Testicular cells) which are the supporting cells of Spermatogenesis (Which would cause more gametes to form so more Inhibin)

34
Q

What does LH bind to?

A

Leydig cells (Testicular cells)

35
Q

What do Leydig cells secrete?

A

Testosterone

36
Q

What does LH promote the secretion of?

A

Testosterone

37
Q

What does Testosterone inhibit?

A

GnRH

Reproductive system (16 decks)

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