controlled experiments Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is a controlled experiment investigating?
The influence or relationship between one or more independent variables (IV) on the dependent variable (DV)
All other variables are controlled to isolate the effect of the IV on the DV.
What is the role of the experimental group in a controlled experiment?
Exposed to the independent variable (IV) under investigation
This group is essential for assessing the effect of the IV.
What is the purpose of the control group?
Serves as a baseline to compare results from the experimental group
This helps determine the change caused by the IV.
What is random allocation in an experiment?
Putting participants in groups/conditions so they are likely to have similar characteristics
Ensures internal validity by minimizing bias.
What does random sampling ensure in an experiment?
Gives everyone an equal chance of being chosen as participants
This helps in obtaining a representative sample.
What is a characteristic of between subjects/independent groups design?
Each participant is randomly allocated and gives only one score for data analysis
This design helps in avoiding order effects.
What is an advantage of using between subjects design?
No order effects and less likely participant attrition
Time-efficient as both groups are tested simultaneously.
What is a limitation of between subjects design?
Less control over participant variables and needs a large number of participants
This can complicate the analysis of results.
What is within subjects/repeated measures design?
Each participant is in both experimental and control group and gives multiple scores
This design allows for direct comparison of conditions.
What is an advantage of within subjects design?
Can control variables arising from individual participant differences and requires fewer participants
This helps in improving statistical power.
What is a limitation of within subjects design?
Order effects are likely to arise and it is more time-consuming
Participants may also gain knowledge about the study over time.
What defines a mixed design in experiments?
Combines features from both within and between subjects design
Allows for testing multiple independent variables (IVs).
What is an advantage of using mixed design?
Greater precision and detail in results, can test many IVs
Differences in participant variables are controlled with the within subjects element.
What is a limitation of mixed design?
Higher rate of participant withdrawal compared to using a between subjects design
Less control over participant knowledge and differences in participant variables.
