Cooperation Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is prosocial
any behaviour that is intended to benefit another
who said that prosociality is any behaviour that is intended to benefit another
Dunfield 2014
who studied into pro sociality in 3 year olds
Haplin 2007
what did Haplin 2007 find from his study on pro sociality in 3 year olds
that children preferred prosociality over hinderers
that are the 3 principles of evolution
needs to be variation in a trait
trait must be heritable
trait must be advantageous
for cooperation to be selected for natural selection, individuals must…
produce cooperative offspring and not free riders
what are 2 ways cooperation can be reproduced
synchronic mechanisms
diachronic mechanisms
what are synchronic mechanisms
we abide by whatever social norms are present in society
what are diachronic mechanisms
older generations pass social norms through social learning
what are the 3 dimensions of cooperation
helping
sharing
comfort
what 3 things does an infant need to be able to cooperate
skills to understand the problem
experience to find a solution
motivation to solve
in order to help, what 2 things does the infant need to do
identify solutions
understand others intentions
who completed the peg drop study to demonstrate that at 18m children can reliably help
Tomasello 2006
in order to share, what 2 things must the child be able to do
overcome egocentrism
recognise inequality
who found that children were more likely to pick out the faces of those who had shared with them over those who hadn’t - preference for prosociality
Tomasello 2011
in order to comfort, what 2 things must the child be able to do
identify the causes of others emotions
distinguish other peoples experiences from our own
who conducted the comfort study
Carpenter 2010
at what ages can children reliably help
18m - Tomasello 2006
at what age do children reliably share
5y
at what age do children reliably comfort
2-4y
who found that children are more likely to share with people they have the same qualities with eg gender - ingroup similarity
Olson, 2008
who found that the attractiveness of the objects influences sharing behaviour
Radmore 2007
