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T4- Systemic Patho > COPD Q3 > Flashcards

COPD Q3 Flashcards

1
Q

In obstructive pulmonary dx what (2) factors increase

A

Total Lung Capacity
Residual Vol

(all else decreases)

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2
Q

In restrictive pulmonary dx what factor increases

A

FEV 1sec/ FVC

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3
Q

during emphysema there is a permanent _____ of the airspaces ____

A

permanent enlargement

airspaces distal to teh terminal non-respiratory bronchioles

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4
Q

Incidence of Emphysema

A

age 50

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5
Q

pink puffers are ___cc

A

emphysema

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6
Q

(2) predisposing factos of emphysema

A

smoking

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

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7
Q

The AP diameter is increased in ___ cc

A

emphysema

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8
Q

is emphysema alkalosis or acidosis

A

alkalosis

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9
Q

what are the conditions that have to be seen to diagnosis chronic bronchitis

A

excessive sputum production for at least three mo. for two consecutive yrs

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10
Q

incidence of chronic bronchitis

A

after age 32

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11
Q

blue bloaters

A

chronic bronchitis

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12
Q

(2) predisposing factors

A

smoking

air pollution

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13
Q

breath sounds of chronic bronchitis

A

wheeze

rhonci

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14
Q

(3) cc that are a part of COPD

A

chronic bronchitis
emphysema
Chronic bronchial asthma

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15
Q 
chronic bronchitis leads to:
Mucous gland \_\_\_\_
excess \_\_\_\_ production 
\_\_\_\_\_\_ cell hyperplasia 
Incr \_\_\_\_\_ Ration 
\_\_\_\_ atelectasis
A 
hyperplasia 
excess mucous 
goblet cell hyperplsia 
increase reid index 
patchy atelectasis
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16
Q

_____: ratio of the thickness of the submucosal gland layer to the bronchial wall

A

increase reid Index

bronchitis

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17
Q

***Bronchitis can be a predisposing factor to ___ cc

A

cancer

squamous metaplasia

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18
Q

*** what is the most common type of emphysema

A

centrilobular emphysema

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19
Q

WHat structures does the centrilobular emphysema affect?**

A

proximal respiratory bronchiole
- spares the alveolar duct and alveoli

( the “central part”

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20
Q

____ emphysea is common in coal workers pneumoconiosis and smokers

A

centrilobular

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21
Q

____ emphysema involves the alveolar duct and alveoli but spares the prox respiratory bronchioles

A

paraseptal emphysema

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22
Q

____: air trapped in dilated spaces below the pleura

A

subpleural bulae

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23
Q

___: air trapped in spaces btw layers of the pleura

A

blebs

responsible for spontaneous pneumothorax

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24
Q

family hx is present in ___ bronchial asthma

A

extrinsic

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25
skin test is ___ for extrinisic astha
positive
26
___ asthma is present in children ****
extrinsic | can grow out of it
27
___: whorls of shed epithelium in asthma
curschmann's spirals
28
____: crystalloid of eosinophilic membrane protein in asthma
charcot - leyden crystals
29
cc_____: characterized by a horse, high pitched cough
acute largyngeotrachitis
30
*** etiology of acute laryngeotrachitis
MCC is streptococcus haemophilus or viruses
31
cc___: inflam at all levels of the bronchial tree
bronchitis
32
*** pathology of bronchitis
exudative infiltrate of neutrophils and fibrin due to chems, bacteria, viruses, cell infiltration, and congestion
33
*** cc_____: a patchy consolidation of acute inflammation arising in the bronchus and extending focally into the lung
bacterial pneumonia
34
*** MCC organisms that cause acquired pneumonia is ____ *** MCC organism that causes nosocomial pneumonia is ____
acquired: streptococcus pneumonia in 80% Nosocomial: E. Coli and pseudomonas
35
MC location of bacterial pneumonia
lower lobe | Liquefactive necrosis
36
*** cc____pneumonia: involved entire lobe of a lung and is NOT patchy
Lobar pneumonia
37
*** most common bact. that affects lobar pneumonia
streptococcus pneumonia
38
***What is the most serious stage in lobar pneumonia pathology
stage of red hepatization (2-4 days) : dry and firm, red protein exudate has lots of neutrophils.
39
MC cause of walking pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumoniae)
40
*** MCC of atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma pneumonia
41
***cc____: chronic necrotizing infection of the bronchi and bronchioles with a permanent abnormal bronchial dilation (suppurative)
bronchiectasis
42
***Location of beonchiectasis
lower lobe
43
Describe Kartagner's sx that is seen in bronchiectasis
bronchiectasis sinusitis sutus inversus
44
*** Name 4 bronchiectasis clinical findings
cough fever foul smelling purulent sputum clubbing fingers
45
cc___: aspiration of infected material will cause a local suppurative process within the parenchyma
pulmonary abscess | occurs in the L. lung
46
***The initial focus of primary TB is called ___ in the upper part of the lower lobes or the lower part of the upper lobes
Ghon Focus | in the hilar nodes
47
*** location of secondary TB
apex
48
***secondary TB is called ___
miliary TB
49
*** cc___: occurs in large river valley of Midwest and eastern US.
histoplasmosis histoplasma capsulatum fungus
50
cc___: diffuse pulm dx characterized by leaky pulm cap's proteinaceous deposits in alveoli and atelectasis
adult respiratory distress sx (ARDS)
51
*** MCC of adult respiratory distress sx (ARDS)
septis
52
***CC__: collapse of alveoli by obstruction of the airway or the failure of complete expansion of the lung at birth.
atelectasis
53
***CC____: hyaline membrane disease. Affects infants with predisposing factors (prematurity, prenatal asphyxia, or babies w/ diabetic mothers)
neonatal respiratory distress sx | decr in pulm surfactant leads to atelectasis
54
***Cc____: decr in pulm surfactant leads to atelectasis
neonatal respiratory distress sx
55
*** _____: coal worker or black lung disease due to deposition of coal dust
anthrascosis
56
***_____: affects shipyard workers, insulation, and roofing workers who inhale fibers. Damage to lung pleura.
asbestos
57
***_____: (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) type III hypersensitivity immune complex
farmers lung
58
**MC primary cancer is ____
adenocarcinoma
59
*** smokers get ____ carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
60
What is the overall most common type of lung cancer
metastatic
61
*** small oat cell carcinoma has secretory products such as (4)
beta lipotropine ACTH ADH Serotonin
62
*** What cancer is associated with asbestos exposure
malignant mesothelioma
63
*** lung is encapsulated by thick, firm, white pleural tumor tissue called ____ or _____ that metastasize to lymph nodes and liver.
psammoma bodies or onion ring

T4- Systemic Patho (10 decks)

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