Core 1,3,4,6 NDS

Question 1

Who were the Big Three at Versailles, and what did they represent?

Answer 1

Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George; Represented competing national interests

Question 2

What reparations were demanded from Germany under the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 2

132 billion marks; Equivalent to $442 billion today

Question 3

What territorial and population losses did Germany face under the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 3

Lost 13% of its territory; 10% of its population

Question 4

What military restrictions were imposed on Germany?

Answer 4

100,000 troops limit on the army; planes banned

Question 5

What other limits were placed on Germany’s navy?

Answer 5

36 ships of any kind allowed; 6 battleships allowed; Submarines banned

Question 6

What control was imposed over the Saar coalfields?

Answer 6

15 years of League of Nations control

Question 7

What economic impact did the treaty have on Germany?

Answer 7

$10 billion approximate economic damage; 50% loss of iron and steel production

Question 8

How were ethnic Germans affected by the territorial provisions?

Answer 8

1.5 million ethnic Germans found themselves in new states like Poland or Czechoslovakia

Question 9

How many treaties were signed with defeated nations?

Answer 9

5 treaties: Versailles, Saint-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon, and Sèvres

Question 10

Which nations were initially excluded from the League of Nations?

Answer 10

Germany and Soviet Russia

Question 11

What human toll did the treaty-linked reparations take on Germany?

Answer 11

75,000 deaths from hyperinflation by 1923

Question 12

What was Clemenceau’s main objective at Versailles?

Answer 12

Ensuring French security; 1.4 million soldiers were killed in WWI

Question 13

What amount was spent on German military rearmament by 1939?

Answer 13

$4.6 billion (1930s dollars)

Question 14

How much did Germany expand through the Anschluss and Sudetenland acquisitions?

Answer 14

98,000 square miles

Question 15

What was the 1935 naval agreement between Germany and Britain?

Answer 15

Allowed Germany to grow its navy to 35% of Britain’s navy

Question 16

What happened in the Rhineland in 1936?

Answer 16

20,000 German troops remilitarised it, violating the Treaty of Versailles

Question 17

How did the Spanish Civil War serve as a testing ground for Nazi and Fascist forces?

Answer 17

50,000 lives lost; Nazi and Fascist weaponry tested

Question 18

What percentage of Austrians voted in favour of Anschluss in the 1938 plebiscite?

Answer 18

99.73%, under Nazi pressure

Question 19

How many ethnic Germans lived in the Sudetenland?

Answer 19

4 million

Question 20

What percentage of GDP did Britain and Germany spend on defence in 1938?

Answer 20

Britain: 15%; Germany: 23%

Question 21

What military technology spearheaded Germany’s invasion of Poland?

Answer 21

300 tanks

Question 22

How quickly did Britain and France respond to the invasion of Poland?

Answer 22

Ultimatum issued within 48 hours

Question 23

How many member states did the League of Nations have at its height, and why did it fail?

Answer 23

58 member states; Failed to prevent conflict

Question 24

How long were appeasement negotiations before the Munich Agreement in 1938?

Answer 24

10 months

Question 25

What population did the Axis powers have by 1939?

Answer 25

260 million

Question 26

How many Soviet soldiers occupied Eastern Europe at the end of WWII?

Answer 26

11 million

Question 27

What was the Marshall Plan, and how much aid was provided?

Answer 27

Countered Soviet influence; $17 billion in aid over 4 years from 1947

Question 28

How much did Europe owe to the US after WWII?

Answer 28

$11 billion

Question 29

How many countries were under Soviet control by 1948?

Answer 29

7 countries: Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Albania

Question 30

What was the USA's share of global industrial output post-WWII compared to the USSR?

Answer 30

USA: 30%; USSR: 10%

Question 31

When was NATO founded, and how was it countered by the USSR?

Answer 31

Founded in 1949 with 12 members; Countered by the Warsaw Pact in 1955 with 8 members

Question 32

What was the population of East Germany under Soviet control by 1949?

Answer 32

21 million

Question 33

How much aid did Truman allocate to support the British Army in Greece in 1947?

Answer 33

$400 million

Question 34

What percentage of Germans in West Berlin supported Allied administration during the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 34

0.85

Question 35

How many Soviet soldiers were in Eastern Europe in 1948?

Answer 35

2.8 million

Question 36

How many flights per day were made during the Berlin Airlift's peak?

Answer 36

1,500 flights per day; 4,500 tons of cargo

Question 37

How many people died due to purges and repression under Soviet rule in Eastern Europe?

Answer 37

3 million in the first decade

Question 38

What was the Warsaw Pact, and when was it established?

Answer 38

Military alliance countering NATO; Established in 1955 with 8 members

Question 39

How many Soviet troops were stationed in Eastern Europe by the 1960s?

Answer 39

Over 500,000

Question 40

What was the Soviet response to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution?

Answer 40

100,000 Soviet soldiers sent; 1,000 Hungarian civilians killed

Question 41

How many participated in the Prague Spring of 1968?

Answer 41

200,000 Czechoslovakians

Question 42

What was the Soviet response to the Prague Spring?

Answer 42

3,000 troops sent; 10,000 tanks deployed in Eastern Europe during interventions

Question 43

What was the length of the Berlin Wall built in 1961?

Answer 43

155 km

Question 44

What were the casualties during the 1956 Hungarian uprising?

Answer 44

1,000 Hungarians and 200 Soviet soldiers killed

Question 45

How many people fled East Germany to West Berlin in 1961?

Answer 45

30,000, prompting the Berlin Wall's construction

Question 46

How many East Germans defected to West Germany through Berlin before the Wall's construction?

Answer 46

3 million

Question 47

Who was the Berlin Wall guarded by?

Answer 47

1,000 border guards

Question 48

How many deaths were recorded attempting to escape East Germany?

Answer 48

136 recorded deaths between 1961 and 1989

Question 49

How long did the Berlin Wall stand?

Answer 49

28 years (1961–1989)

Question 50

How large was the Solidarity movement in Poland by 1981?

Answer 50

10 million members; Largest independent trade union in Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe

Question 51

How many participated in strikes in August 1980?

Answer 51

1 million Poles

Question 52

What happened to Solidarity members in 1981?

Answer 52

5,000 arrested after martial law was declared

Question 53

What role did Solidarity play in the 1989 Polish elections?

Answer 53

Pivotal role; 99 out of 100 Senate seats won by Solidarity

Question 54

What policies did Gorbachev introduce in 1985, and what did they allow?

Answer 54

Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring); Allowed freedom of expression and political reform

Question 55

How many Soviet soldiers were stationed in Eastern Europe by 1989?

Answer 55

150,000, down from 500,000 in the 1960s

Question 56

What percentage of Eastern Europeans were under Soviet control by 1989?

Answer 56

15%, compared to 80% in 1948

Question 57

What marked the symbolic end of Soviet control in Eastern Europe?

Answer 57

Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989; 40 years of Soviet domination ended between 1989 and 1991