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physical anthro > correct answers 1 > Flashcards

correct answers 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Structural similarities observed among related species, populations or individuals due to inheritance from a common ancestor are called

A

homologies

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2
Q

when Mendel crossed peas with Rr and Rr alleles, the chances of getting and rr offspring was

A

25%

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3
Q

Lamarck proposed an erroneous evolutionary mechanism known today as

A

inheritance of acquired charateristics

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4
Q

At a hypothetical locus, a man’s genotype is Aa. What proportion of his gamete would be expected to receive the A allele?

A

1/2

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5
Q

Recessive alleles will be expressed if they are interited

A

from both parents

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6
Q

the only possible source of new genetic material is

A

mutation

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7
Q

the english demographer whose work on population growth greatly influenced Darwin’s

A

thomas malthus

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8
Q

different versions, or subunits, of the same gene

A

alleles

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9
Q

Primates are a group of mammals that have

A

fingernails and forward-facing eyes

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10
Q

Darwin’s theory of evolution drew from all the follow scientific disciplines EXCEPT

A

genetics

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11
Q

which if the evolutionary forces is most likley to decease variation between populations

A

gene flow

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12
Q

what do the forces of evolution include

A

natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutations

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13
Q

the two suborders of primates are

A

prosimians and anthropoids

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14
Q

translation

A

results in the production of amino acid chains

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15
Q

Mendel’s plant hybridization experiments demonstrated that

A

traits inherited from each parent remained distinct in the offspring

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16
Q

the scientist whose work provided the foundation for later understanding of genetics was

A

Gregor Mendel

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17
Q

the physical expression of an organism’s genetic constitution is called the

A

phenotype

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18
Q

prehensile tails

A

are present only in some new world monkeys

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19
Q

anthropology is best described as

A

the study of humankind from multiple perspectives and time periods

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20
Q

living lemurs are found in

A

madagascar

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21
Q

the classification of past and living forms is

A

taxonomy

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22
Q

in peas, the gene for red flowers (R) is dominant over the gene for white flowers (r). a pea plant with white flowers is crossed with one that has red flowers, half of the offspring have white flowers and half have red flowers. what are the genotypes of the parents?

A

Rr x rr

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23
Q

how does gene flow differ from genetic drift?

A

gene flow is the spread of new genetic material from one gene pool to another

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24
Q

which of the following are prosimians

A

lemurs

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25
Q

the cladistic (genetic) classification for apes and humas

A

groups humans, gorillas, and chimps into a single sister group

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26
Q

one gene affecting more than one phenotypic character is called

A

pleiotropy

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27
Q

the expression of poly genetic traits

A

is determined by genes at several loci in conjunction with environmental factors

28
Q

which of the following pairs are analogous traits?

A

birds’ wings and bat’s wings

29
Q

RNA differs from DNA in that it uses

A

uracil instead of thymine

30
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

refers to difference between the sexes with regard to features such as body size

31
Q

any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel’s laws is called

A

non-Medelian inheritance

32
Q

the evolutionary process that produced analogous structures in new and old world monkeys is called

A

homoplasy

33
Q

the ides that geologic processes operating today are the same as those that happened in the past

A

uniformitarianism

34
Q

among the savanna dwelling baboons, male-female alliances or “friendships”

A

have both costs and benefits to both the male and female

35
Q

primate affective behaviors include

A

all of these (alliances, grooming, mounting)

36
Q

somatic cells include all of the following EXCEPT

A

sex cells

37
Q

a hypothesis

A

is an attempt to explain observations and predict future scientific results

38
Q

chromosome number is reduced during

A

meiosis

39
Q

DNA

A

directs cellular function

40
Q

structural similarities shared by a wide array of distantly related species that are inherited from a common ancestor, such as the number of bones in the forelimb, are termed

A

ancestral (primative)

41
Q

physical anthropology as a discipline is concerned with

A

all of these (skeletal pathology, primate behavior, fossilized human remains)

42
Q

the type of selection that favored progressively larger brain size in human evolution is

A

directional selection

43
Q

the scientist who coined the name Homo sapiens for human beings and placed them in a higher taxonomic group he called primates was

A

Carolus Linnaeus

44
Q

Anubis baboons

A

have s multimale-multifemale social organization

45
Q

in Europe before about 1800, it was believed that

A

all forms were created by god and did not change over time

46
Q

anthropoids include

A

monkeys, apes, and humans

47
Q

gametes are ______ cells

A

haploid

48
Q

the rhinarium is present in

A

ring-tal lemurs

49
Q

the scientific method

A

involves empirical data collection and hypothesis testing

50
Q

(t/f) mutation is the inly source of new genetic material

A

true

51
Q

(t/f) proteins consist of chains of DNA nucleotides

A

false

52
Q

(t/f) mitosis produces four gametes

A

false

53
Q

(t/f) in order for traits to respond to natural selection, they must be hertable

A

true

54
Q

(t/f) prehensile tails independently evolved in a handful of old world and new world primates

A

false

55
Q

(t/f) physical anthropology includes the study of linguistic variation as it relates to climate

A

false

56
Q

(t/f) DNA replication take place only during the production of gametes

A

false

57
Q

(t/f) gene flow increases the number of genetic difference between populations

A

false

58
Q

(t/f) Lamarck’s most important contribution to 18th century thought was the popularization of the concept of species mutability

A

true

59
Q

(t/f) natural selection works on preexisting variation in a population

A

true

60
Q

(t/f) cladistic classification may often seem to violate common sense

A

true

61
Q

(t/f) observations of living primates inform our efforts to understand out evolutionary past

A

true

62
Q

(t/f) grooming reinforces social structures and cement social bonds

A

true

63
Q

(t/f) before 1700, most western scientists though the earth was 4.6 billion years old

A

false

64
Q

(t/f) genetic drift is most powerful as and evolutionary cause when operating on small populations

A

true

65
Q

(t/f) convergent evolution can result in two diverse species evolving into one species if they inhabit similar enrivonments

A

false

physical anthro (12 decks)

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