covid Flashcards
(14 cards)
What receptor does SARS-CoV primarily bind to in human cells?
ACE2 receptor
The ACE2 receptor is especially present in the lungs.
What protein does the virus use to attach to the ACE2 receptor?
spike (S) protein
The spike protein is crucial for the virus’s ability to infect cells.
How does SARS-CoV enter the host cell?
Direct fusion with the cell membrane or via endocytosis
Both processes allow the virus to release its RNA into the host cell.
What can COVID-19 lead to in patients regarding respiratory conditions?
COVID-19 pneumonia or CAP
CAP stands for community-acquired pneumonia.
What are some common symptoms of COVID-19 pneumonia?
severe breathlessness and cough
Additional symptoms include RR>30 and SpO2 <90%.
What findings are looked for in X-ray for COVID-19 pneumonia?
collapse of the previously inflated lung; known as basal atelectasis
X-ray imaging is crucial for assessing lung health.
Which laboratory tests are important in managing COVID-19 pneumonia?
CRP, fibrinogen, D-dimers, LDH, and ferritin
These tests can help assess inflammation and clot risk.
What is the relationship between COVID-19 and thrombosis?
Most patients develop thrombosis or some form of venous or arterial event
Elevated D-dimer levels indicate increased mortality and thrombosis risk.
What anticoagulants can be used for VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients?
LMWH or UFH
These are usually administered for 14 days.
What are the methods for managing oxygen in COVID-19 patients?
O2 therapy, continuous positive airway pressure, invasive mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
These methods vary in invasiveness and application.
What is a high-risk patient for severe COVID-19?
Organ transplant recipient
Other high-risk groups include those undergoing chemotherapy and individuals with severe lung conditions.
List some symptoms of long COVID.
chronic fatigue, muscle weakness, chest pain, palpitations, sleep disturbances
Risk factors include obesity, being unvaccinated, and gender.
What tests can confirm long COVID?
FBC, RF, LFTs, TFT, Vit D, CRP, HbA1c, ECG, lung function tests
These tests help assess ongoing health issues after COVID-19.
Long COVID symptoms must persist for how long after COVID-19 infection?
more than 12 weeks
This duration is key for diagnosing long COVID.
