IV fluid 2 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the normal range for Sodium (Na⁺)?
136–145 mmol/L
What is the normal range for Potassium (K⁺)?
3.5–5.0 mmol/L
What is the normal range for Chloride (Cl⁻)?
98–105 mmol/L
What is the normal osmolarity range?
280–300 mOsm/kg
What percentage of body weight is total body water?
~60%
What is the percentage of intracellular fluid (ICF) in the body?
40%
What is the percentage of extracellular fluid (ECF) in the body?
20%
What are the 5 Rs of IV Fluid Prescribing?
- Resuscitation
- Routine Maintenance
- Replacement
- Redistribution
- Reassessment
What does ‘Resuscitation’ mean in the context of IV fluid prescribing?
Emergency volume restoration
What is the purpose of ‘Routine Maintenance’ in IV fluid prescribing?
Daily fluid/electrolyte needs
What does ‘Replacement’ refer to in IV fluid prescribing?
Replace specific losses (e.g., vomiting)
What is the osmotic effect of crystalloids?
Low
What is the osmotic effect of colloids?
High (retains fluid intravascularly)
What are common causes of Hyponatraemia?
- SIADH
- Fluid overload
- SSRIs
- Thiazides
What are the symptoms of Hyponatraemia?
- Confusion
- Seizures
What is the treatment for severe Hyponatraemia?
Hypertonic saline if severe, fluid restrict
What are common causes of Hypernatraemia?
- Dehydration
- Overcorrection
What is the treatment for Hypernatraemia?
Controlled rehydration (e.g. 5% glucose), correct slowly
What is the maximum infusion rate of IV Potassium (K⁺) per hour in peripheral administration?
10 mmol/hour
What should be monitored when administering IV Potassium (K⁺)?
ECG + serum K⁺ monitoring
When both K⁺ and Mg²⁺ are low, which should be corrected first?
Mg²⁺
What is the initial IV fluid for resuscitation in sepsis?
30 mL/kg in first 3h
What is the daily water maintenance requirement?
25–30 mL/kg/day
What is the calorie requirement for routine maintenance?
~400 kcal/day (5% glucose)
