CP: Chapter 1 The Diagnostic Process

Question 1

clinical psychodiagnostics is based on 3 elements:

Answer 1

1. theory development of the problem and behaviour = first hypothesis
2. operationalization and measurement
3. application of diagnostic methods = step by step diagnostic process

Question 2

steps in the diagnostic process

Answer 2

1. starting point: referral request
2. first meeting: formulating questions/reflections
3. diagnostic scenario with subdivision of basic questions and a theory
4. testing the theory with 5 diagnostic measures

Question 3

5 diagnostic measures

Answer 3

1. covert theory into hypothesis
2. select research tools
3. testable predications (clear indication when hypothesis is rejected or accepted)
4. administration and processing
5. argumentation

Question 4

5 basic questions in clinical psychology

Answer 4

recognition
explanation
prediction
indication
evaluation

Question 5

recognition =

Answer 5

what are the problems, what works and what does not

Question 6

explanation

Answer 6

why do problems exist and what sustains them

Question 7

predication

Answer 7

how will the problems develop in the future

Question 8

indication

Answer 8

how can the problem be resolved

Question 9

evaluation

Answer 9

have the problems been resolved as a result of the intervention

Question 10

recognitions=

Answer 10

inventory and description
organization and categorization in dysfunctional behaviour clusters/disorders
examination of seriousness

Question 11

3 types of recognition

Answer 11

criterion oriented measurement
normative measurement
ipsative measurement (self)

Question 12

criterion oriented measurement

Answer 12

recognition is a result of comparison with predefined standard

Question 13

normative measurement

Answer 13

comparison to a representative comparison group

Question 14

ipsative measurement

Answer 14

comparison to the patient self

Question 15

verschil tussen classification and diagnostic formulation

Answer 15

classification = labelling, limited to comorbidity
diagnostic formulation = focuses on individuals unique clinical picture, which can mean the lack of empirical support

Question 16

explanation includes

Answer 16

the main problem and its components
the conditions that explain the occurence
causal relationship

Question 17

the causal relationship between the problem and their conditions can be classified via:

Answer 17

the locus
the nature of control
the synchronous explanatory conditions + diachronous explanatory conditions
induced conditions + persistent conditions

Question 18

locus =

Answer 18

the person or situation that precedes the problem

Question 19

nature of control =

Answer 19

the cause that explains behaviour and reason that makes the behaviour understandable

Question 20

syncronous and diachronous explanatory conditions

Answer 20

synchronous = conditions that coincide with the behaviour
diachronous = conditions that precede the behaviour

Question 21

induced conditions … whilst persistent conditions…

Answer 21

give rise to problems
maintain the problems

Question 22

central theory =

Answer 22

identifies biological influences, personal characteristic, development and systematic patterns of behaviour

Question 23

predication pertains to the relationship between the present behaviour called … and the future behaviour called …

Answer 23

predictor
criterion

Question 24

indication focuses on the question…

Answer 24

does the client need treatment, and if yes, what kind?

Question 25

wat zijn 3 aspecten van indication

Answer 25

knowledge of treatments and therapists knowledge of relative usefulness of treatments knowledge of clients acceptance

Question 26

knowledge of clients acceptance factoren

Answer 26

1. examine clients perspective 2. provide client with info about treatment, process and therapist 3. client is presented with options in line with wishes 4. client selects a therapist and treatment

Question 27

diagnostic cycle

Answer 27

observation induction deduction testing evaluation

Question 28

induction =

Answer 28

formulation of theory and hypothesis

Question 29

deduction =

Answer 29

deriving testable predictions from the hypotheses

Question 30

reflection phase =

Answer 30

weight is given to all of the pieces of info that are influenced by the diagnosticians character, may be referred to other therapists

Question 31

diagnostic scenario=

Answer 31

verzameling van alle questions from the application phase. then proposes a tentative theory about the clients problematic behaviour

Question 32

welke diagnostic questions moeten in ieder geval onderzocht worden?

Answer 32

recognition, explanation and indication

Question 33

wat is de hypothese van recognition questions

Answer 33

is there psychopathology?

Question 34

wat is de hypothese van explanation questions

Answer 34

list of explanatory variables

Question 35

indication questions hypothese =

Answer 35

assumptions about which treatment is best suited for the client

Question 36

diagnosis and treatment combinations DTC

Answer 36

DBC! :)

Question 37

wat is experience sampling

Answer 37

People monitor and record their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, often several times a day, as in ecological momentary assessment.

Question 38

projective tests

Answer 38

zoals rorschach, TAT -> stimuli are presented and responses are thought to be determined by unconscious processes

Question 39

welke scans laten structuur van het brein zien

Answer 39

CT en MRI

Question 40

wat laat pet zien

Answer 40

function, en structuur maar veel minder

Question 41

wat laat fmri zien

Answer 41

brain structure and brain function

Question 42

tactile performance test time

Answer 42

blind folded -> fit shaped blocks into spaces. after that they have to draw the board from memory

Question 43

speech sounds perceptions test

Answer 43

listen to nonsense words, select the word they heard from alternatives

Question 44

luria nebraska

Answer 44

tests motor speed, memory and spatial ability etc.

Question 45

how to avoid culture bias

Answer 45

training programs modify assessment procedures put effort in understanding each other make hypotheses about the influence of a culture on a person

Question 46

skin conductance

Answer 46

alle emoties -> sweat gland activity -> increases electrical conductance of the skin

Question 47

what questionnaire do we use to measure stress

Answer 47

LED