CP: Chapter 10 Substance use disorders

Question 1

dsm 5 criteria substance use disorder

Answer 1

problematic pattern of use that impairs functioning.

at least 2 within 1 year:
failure to meet obligations
repeated use in situations where it is dangerous
repeated relationship problems
continued use even though there are problems
tolerance
withdrawal
substance taken for longer, or more than intended
efforts to reduce do not work
much time spend to obtain the substance
social/hobbies or work activities reduced or even given up
strong craving

Question 2

tolerance =

Answer 2

larger doses of the substance are needed to produce the desired effect or the effect becomes less

Question 3

withdrawal =

Answer 3

negative physical and psychological effects when ppl stop taking the drug or reduce

Question 4

wat kan optreden bij alcohol use disorder

Answer 4

hallucinations and delirium tremens (fever, disorientation).

Question 5

wie drinken het meeste alcohol

Answer 5

meeste bij college students, en men more than women

Question 6

short term effects of alcohol

Answer 6

stimulates GABA (reduce tension, inhibit)
increases serotonin and dopamine -> pleasure
inhibits glutamate (may lead to cognitive effects of alcohol intoxication, such as slow thinking and memory loss)

Question 7

long-term effects alcohol

Answer 7

prolonged alcohol use + less intake of proteins -> cirrhosis in the liver
heart failure
erectile dysfunction
hypertension
strokes
fetal alcohol syndrome -> slow growth, cranial/facial/limb abnormalities

Question 8

tobacco use disorder ethiology

Answer 8

nicotine is the addicting factor of tobacco -> neural pathways that become activated stimulate dopamine neurons in the mesolimbic areas.

Question 9

the ill effects of tobacco are greater for..

Answer 9

african americans

Question 10

what happens to babies whose mother smokes during pregnancy

Answer 10

born prematurely, lower birth weights, birth defects

Question 11

what can marijuana interfere with

Answer 11

attention, memory, and thinking

Question 12

physical consequences of marijuana

Answer 12

damage lungs and cardiovascular system and lead to cognitive impairments

Question 13

users can develop tolerance to marijuana, but withdrawal does not have to occur

Answer 13

oke

Question 14

waar wordt marijuana medically voor gebruikt

Answer 14

nausea bij chemo, aids, glaucoma, chronic pain, seizures and muscle spasms

Question 15

opiates soorten

Answer 15

opium, morphine, heroin, codeine

Question 16

wat doen opiates globaal

Answer 16

relieve pain, induce sleep

Question 17

wie gebruiken het meeste heroin

Answer 17

both men and women from less urbanized places, mainly ppl who used prescribed pain medication first. meeste white americans

Question 18

stimulants soorten

Answer 18

amphetamines (oa. methamphetamine) and cocaine

Question 19

amphetamines werking

Answer 19

produce wakefullness, alert, euphoria. -> release of norepinephrine and dopamine + blocking the reuptake.

Question 20

amphetamines gender

Answer 20

men en women use equally

Question 21

methamphetamine

Answer 21

immediate high/rush, euphoria.

Question 22

methamphetamine gender

Answer 22

mannen meer dan vrouwen

Question 23

welke brain regions are impacted by methamphetamine

Answer 23

brain regions involved in reward and decision making

Question 24

cocaine acts….

Answer 24

acts rapidly on the brain, blocks the reuptake of dopamine in mesolimbic areas.

Question 25

cocaine effects

Answer 25

sexual desire feelings of well-being alertness long term: problems, paranoia, trouble sleeping

Question 26

cocaine gender

Answer 26

men more than women

Question 27

which drugs usually do not elicit withdrawal

Answer 27

marijuana, hallucinogens, ecstasy, pcp (so no withdrawal, but tolerance can develop!)

Question 28

LSD is een

Answer 28

hallucinogen

Question 29

wat doen hallucinogens

Answer 29

cause hallucinations, alter sense of time, sharp mood swings, expanded consciousness

Question 30

hallucinogens gender en wie

Answer 30

more men, more european americans

Question 31

hoe werken hallucinogens wss

Answer 31

via serotonin system en use the 5HT2a

Question 32

ecstasy

Answer 32

contains compounds from both hallucinogen and amphetamine families acts on release and reuptake of serotonin

Question 33

ecstasy effects

Answer 33

enhances intimacy, insight, improves relationships, elevates mood, self confidence, promotes awareness. muscle tension, rapid eye movements, jaw clenching, nausea, sweating, anxiety, depression, depersonalization, confusion

Question 34

pcp =

Answer 34

phencyclidine/angel dust voor paarden, heel heftig

Question 35

substance use disorder hoe gaat het

Answer 35

positive attitude - experimentation - regular use - heavy use - dependence or abuse

Question 36

genetic factors in abuse

Answer 36

play a role in: alcohol & maybe nicotine dependence operation of the dopamine system ability to tolerate alcohol and metabolize nicotine

Question 37

nearly all drugs stimulate the dopamine system!!!!

Answer 37

oke

Question 38

vulnerability model

Answer 38

problems in the dopamine system may increase vulnerability of some people to become dependent on a substance

Question 39

toxic effect model

Answer 39

problems in the dopamine system are the consequence of taking substances

Question 40

dus verschil vulnerability and toxic effect model

Answer 40

vulnerability = problems lead to dependence toxic effect = dependence leads to problems

Question 41

incentive-sensitization theory

Answer 41

dopamine system becomes super sensitive to the direct effects of drugs and cues. sensitivity to cues -> induces craving -> go to extreme lengths to seek out and obtain drugs -> liking of drug increases, wanting remains intense

Question 42

people with a sbstance use disorder often value the short term pleasure and reward that comes from taking a drug more than the long term reward

Answer 42

oke

Question 43

mood alteration

Answer 43

when a drug is reinforced because it enhances positive moods or diminishes negative ones

Question 44

expectancies about a substance

Answer 44

people may use it after stress because they expect it will reduce tension, not because it actually does. positive expectancies predict alcohol use, and alcohol use strenghtens these positive expectancies (vicieuze cirkel)

Question 45

what personality factors predict the onset of disorders

Answer 45

high negative affect = neuroticism persistent desire for arousal along with increased positive affect cautious behaviour harm avoidance low agreeableness low conscientiousness high levels of disinhibition high negative emotionality

Question 46

social influence model

Answer 46

one is influenced by social networks to use drugs

Question 47

social selection model

Answer 47

one chooses a social network of people who conform to their own drug use patterns

Question 48

moderating in drinking

Answer 48

pattern of alcohol consumption that is moderate, avoiding the extremes of total abstinence and inebriation

Question 49

peer pressure to quit smoking appears to be as effective as peer pressure to start smoking once was.

Answer 49

oke

Question 50

scheduled smoking

Answer 50

reduce the amount of nicotine intake gradually over a period of a few weeks

Question 51

wat is de eerste stap in treatment of drug use disorders

Answer 51

detoxification

Question 52

cognitive behavioural therapy bij cocaine

Answer 52

learning to avoid high risk situations, recognize the lure of the drug and develop alternatives to cocaine

Question 53

opiate antogonists

Answer 53

drugs that prevent the user from experiencing the high. but requires a lot of work, with regular visits to the clinic etc.

Question 54

peer pressure resistance training

Answer 54

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