CP: Chapter 15 Personality Disorders

Question 1

personality disorders =

Answer 1

problems with forming a stable positive identity and sustaining close constructive relationships

Question 2

comorbidity bij personality disorders

Answer 2

depression, anxiety, substance abuse

Question 3

wat is het probleem met de dsm 5 bij personality disorders

Answer 3

personality disorders are not stable over time: 50% of people achieve remission, dus many disorders are not as enduring as the dsm says. but many people still have symptoms and impairment after remission! maar dan niet diagnose waardig. dus dat is niet goed van dsm.
+ geen goede test-retest reliability and high rates of comorbidity

• not stable
• no good test-retest reliability
• comorbidity

Question 4

alternative for dsm5

Answer 4

includes 6 personality disorders and dimensional system for evaluating five personality trait domains

Question 5

heritability of personality disorders?

Answer 5

moderate

Question 6

what is a significant risk factor

Answer 6

childhood abuse or neglect

Question 7

general criteria personality disorders =

Answer 7

enduring pattern of inner experiences and behaviour that deviated markedly from the expectations of an individuals culture, manifests in 2 of the four domains

Question 8

what kind of domains heb je

Answer 8

cognition
affectivity
interpersonal functioning
impulse control

Question 9

3 verschillende severities

Answer 9

pervasive - inflexible in many situations
persistent - stable, longterm, start early adulthood
pathological - distress or dysfunction

Question 10

wanneer begint personality disorder

Answer 10

meestal in adolescence

Question 11

zijn personality disorders treatable

Answer 11

vroeger dachten ze niet, nu weten we recovery 5x faster than with natural course

Question 12

cluster A: odd/eccentric

Answer 12

paranoid PD = distrusting
schizotypical PD = strange perceptions and behaviour (anders dan schizophrenia: geen hallucinations and delusions)
schizoide PD = distant

Question 13

cluster B: dramatic, emotiona, erratic

Answer 13

histionic PD = emotional, attention seeking
narcissistic PD = inflated ego
antisocial PD = violating rights of others
borderline PD = instability self images, relations, emotions

Question 14

cluster C: anxious, fearful

Answer 14

avoidant PD = socially inferior
dependent PD = submissive, clinging
obsessive-compulsive PD = perfectionistic, controlling

Question 15

odd/eccentric cluster en schizophrenia?

Answer 15

similarities to the type of bizarre thinking and experiences, but less severe than schizophrenia

Question 16

paranoid personality disorder=

Answer 16

4 or more signs of distrust and suspiciousness, from early adulthood:

suspi of being harmed/deceived
suspi of hidden meanings in benign actions of others
suspi of loyalty of friends
not confiding in others due to suspi
grudges for long time
angry reactions to perceived attack on character or reputation
suspi of partners fidelity

Question 17

schizoid personality disorder=

Answer 17

4 or more signs of aloofness and flat affect, from early adulthood:

lack of desire for enjoyment of close relationships
lack of friends
prefers soltitude over compagnionship
little interest in sex
few or no pleasurable activities
indifference to praise or criticism
flat affect, emotional detachment or coldness

Question 18

schizotypal personality disorder =

Answer 18

5 or more signs of unusual thinking, eccentric behaviour and interpersonal deficits, from early adulthood:

ideas of reference
odd beliefs or magical thinking
unusual perception and suspiciousness or paranoia
odd thought, speech, behaviour or appearance
inappropriate or constricted affect and lack of close friends
social anxiety and interpersonal fears that do not diminish with familiarity

Question 19

ideas of reference =

Answer 19

the false belief that irrelevant occurrences or details in the world relate directly to oneself

Question 20

dus welke van de odd/eccentric is het meest ‘complex’

Answer 20

schizotypal, is een soort combi van paranoid en eccentric behaviour, maar ook social anxiety

Question 21

dramatic/erratic cluster globaal

Answer 21

range of symptoms from inflated self esteem and rule breaking behaviour to inconsistent behaviour.

Question 22

verschil psychopathy en sociopathy

Answer 22

sociopath = unofficial term for antisocial personality disorder. psychopathy is not an official diagnosis, wordt meer gebruikt in volksmond voor sociopathy maar dan nog meer gevaarlijk (mass murderer)

Question 23

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 23

(volksmond: sociopathy)

at least 18, and evidence of conduct disorder before the age of 15

repeated law breaking, lack of remorse, impulsivity and lying
reckless disregard for own safety and of others
irresponsibility as seen in unreliable employment or financial history

Question 24

psychopathy

Answer 24

niet officieel in dsm 5, maar;

geen emotions
positive feelings for others are an act
superficially charming
manipulating
lack of anxiety -> not learning from mistakes
boldness, meanness

Question 25

wat zijn risicofactoren voor apd

Answer 25

poverty, exposure to violence, bad parenting, harsh family environment, MOAO gene

Question 26

psychopathy psychological factors

Answer 26

blunted responses to threat and consequence lower skin conductance to fear and threat weakened classical conditioning lack of empathy attending negative information during goal persuit

Question 27

borderline personality disorder =

Answer 27

5 or more signs of instability in relationships, self-image and impulsivity from early adulthood: efforts to avoid abandonment unstable interpersonal relationships: where the other is either idealized or devalued self damaging, impulsive behaviours in at least 2 areas (spending, sex, substance abuse etc) recurrent suicidal behaviours mood reactivity unstable sense of self chronic feelings of emptiness recurrent bouts of intense or poorly controlled anger during stress: paranoid thoughts, dissociative symptoms vooral vrouwen met borderline!

Question 28

neurobiological factors of borderline personality disorder

Answer 28

lower serotonin levels: for anger and impulse control emotion dysregulation: increased amygdala activity (= hyper emotional) deficits in prefrontal cortex: impulse and emotions

Question 29

kijken naar borderline model in docs

Answer 29

oke

Question 30

bdp en social factors

Answer 30

veel mensen report abuse ook parental genetic vulnerability

Question 31

linehans diathesis stress theory

Answer 31

biological diathesis - emotional dysregulation in child - great demands on family - invalidation by parents through punishment or ignoring the demands - emotional outbursts by child via which parents attend

Question 32

histrionic personality disorder =

Answer 32

5 or more symptoms of emotionality and attention seeking; need to be center of attention inappropriate sexual behaviour rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotion use physical appearance to draw attention to self impressionistic speech, lacking in detail exaggerated, theatrical emotional expression misreads relationships as more intimate than they are

Question 33

narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 33

5 or more signs of grandiosity, increased self esteem and lack of empathy from early adulthood: grandiose view of own importance, preoccupation with ones brilliance belief that they are special extreme need for admiration exploit others and arrogant behaviours or attitudes

Question 34

association parenting and narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 34

parents who are overly indulgent, foster childrens beliefs that they are special = more risk

Question 35

self-psychology bij narcisism

Answer 35

inflating their own self worth to combat feelings of shame and protect a low self esteem

Question 36

social cognitive model

Answer 36

proposes that the behaviour of the person with npd is shaped by the goal of maintaining specialness and the belif that the purpose of interpersonal relationships is to boost self esteem

Question 37

avoidant personality disorder (=anxious/fearful cluster)

Answer 37

pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to criticism, 4 or more: avoidance of occupational activities that involve interpersonal contact alleen met mensen om willen gaan als er certainty is dat ze hen leuk vinden no intimate relationships: bang for being shamed inhibited in new interpersonal relationships want shame views self as socially inept, unappealing or inferior reluctant to try new things because they are embarrased

Question 38

difference social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder

Answer 38

The main difference is that people with social anxiety disorder often know their fears are irrational, while people with avoidant personality disorder believe that they are inferior to others and therefore rejection and humiliation are not only inevitable, but deserved.

Question 39

dependent personality disorder

Answer 39

excessive need to be taken care of, 5 or more; geen decisions kunnen maken zonder hulp need others to take responsibility difficulty disagreeing with others want fear of losing support difficulties doing things on their own want lack of self confidence doing unpleasant things to get approval urgently seeking new relationships when one ends preoccupation of fears of having to take care of self

Question 40

obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Answer 40

intense need for order, perfection and control, at least 4: preoccupation with rules, details and organization extreme perfectionism excessive devotion to work the exclusion of leisure and friendships inflexibility about morals and values reluctance to delegate unless others conform to ones standards bv monica friends

Question 41

wat is het verschil tussen ocd en ocpd

Answer 41

OCD is ruled by intrusive thoughts called, obsessions that cause anxiety and force the person to perform compulsions for relief. OCPD is ruled by perfectionism and detail. Unlike individuals with OCD, people with OCPD are not self-aware and can hurt the people around them. dus ocd is echt intrusive thoughts en vaak compulsions om anxiety te verminderen ocpd is perfectionism and control

Question 42

psychodynamische therapie=

Answer 42

reconsider early experiences that are the root of personality disorders, become aware on how they drive behaviour and reconsider beliefs and responses to those early events

Question 43

schematherapy =

Answer 43

child that has unmet needs -> try to account for those

Question 44

mentalisation based treatment

Answer 44

helping understand behaviour of others in terms of their mental states

Question 45

transferance focused psychotherapy

Answer 45

internalized representation of self in relation to the object, the relationship with the therapist is the working material.

Question 46

dus treatment for personality disorders bv

Answer 46

schematherapy mentalisation based treatment transferance focused psychotherapy

Question 47

treatment schizotypical personality disorder

Answer 47

antipsychotic drugs vooral

Question 48

treatment avoidant personality disorder

Answer 48

zelfde als social anxiety: antidepressants, cbt (for negative beliefs about social interactions by teaching strategies for dealing with thiss) + exposure treatment.

Question 49

treatment of borderline personality disorder

Answer 49

dialectical behaviour therapy: client centered empathy and acceptance with cbt problem solving, emotional regulation techniques and social skills training

Question 50

four stages of dialectical behaviour therapy

Answer 50

1. dangerous impulsive behaviours are targeted 2. learning to modulate extreme emotionality 3. improving self esteem and interpersonal relationships 4. happiness